Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Review and Critical Thinking Questions Essay

What is a family? What is family composition? Family is a group of people tied together by blood, co-residence, or affection. Family composition is the makeup of the family including the numbers of members, their ages, and their relationship with each other What is cultural bias? What is an example of this? Cultural bias is the interpretation or judgement of practices by the standards of ones own culture. Looking at a different culture wrong because its not the way we deal with a particular concern in our nature. What are stereotypes? How are they different from prejudice? Stereotypes are assumed beliefs of a group of people. The difference between prejudice and stereotypes is is that stereotypes are based off of a a characteristic of a person from some members in the group and prejudice is an assumption before getting to know people. What is the difference between a nuclear family and an extended family? A nuclear family will be just the two parents and their children living in one home, as to an extended family is a family where the grandparents or maybe grand kids are living in the home too. Critical Thinking Questions How can families assimilate to a new culture? They can do things like learn the language, they can try to join the culture by eating their foods, listening to their music. What are some of the problems with stereotypes or cultural bias when looking at families? Sometimes your assumptions are wrong or you close your thoughts up to other people because they aren’t like you. And you should always be open to new people or new things because not everyone in the world is like you. Adversity affects today’s family, just as Black Death affected families from earlier times. What kinds of adverse challenges do today’s families face and how can they manage the situations? Families today face adverse challenges like financial, emotional, and health. The easiest way to deal with any family challenges is to talk as a family and find ways to better or eliminate the situation.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Cost Benefit Analysis Essay

When operating a business or managing a project, there are many moving parts that need to be discussed, evaluated, and/or implemented. A very effective tool that can help that can help in a business decision or project is running a cost benefit analysis. Running this analysis will help a project manager determine how well, or how poorly, a planned action will turn out (John Reh, 2014). This type of analysis relies on the addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result (John Reh, 2014). When putting a together a cost benefit analysis for a big production company like Bubble Films, it is a big project to own. Having 150 employees spread out into multiple states makes it difficult to get all the information needed. There are many factors when you are dealing with multiple areas of operation to provide an accurate cost benefit analysis. The cost of networking equipment and the power it takes to operate them. The amount of cloud space and the security used to protect it and the power to operate. Once you start operating outside of the office, conducting an accurate cost benefit analysis. With the employees working at home, are they working the full day or a few hours here and there? Do you have to pay for their use of electricity and internet, per diem? Is it more cost effective to put everyone in an office rather than work at home? Many questions have to be answered to create and effective analysis. Cost benefit analysis is a very important tool to use when pitching a new idea or project. This will show the investor, project manager, or CEO’s exactly where their money is going to go and how they are going to make a return. It also helps identify flaws in the budget and whether a company can expand or downsize. References John Reh, F. (2014). Cost Benefit Analysis. Retrieved from http://management.about.com/cs/money/a/CostBenefit.htm

Monday, July 29, 2019

Major case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Major - Case Study Example These are creating problems in daily civic life. The objective of the study is to find out the issues that are affecting the social, political and environmental life in capital region. Moreover the study will help to take appropriate stems and implementation of strategies in order to overcome those problems. Problem statement The national capital commission’s command is to increase the pride of the Canadians and to build a healthy relationship between the people of Canada and their capital. According to the research report of Ipsos Reid which is conducted among the general Canadians, new Canadians and the youths of Canada with respect to the culture, heritage and capital of Canada, few issues have came out which are identified accordingly. Among the general public of Canada, few of the respondents feel that Canada is environmentally safe country. Moreover, according to them Canada has less current resources. The capital is suffering from the inadequate activities of the munici pality. They have failed to set the same objectives across the Ottawa riverside. Lack of effective marketing and communication has failed to support many events in capital. Moreover, the global financial crisis that occurred in 2008 and the economic recession created the funding challenges. The drastic change in political climate has resulted unstable political environment in capital. As the other nearby cities of capital across Canada are setting up a big example regarding national role models. The budget and timing constraints increases the unpredicted sustainment and deployment in terms of capital brand (Rajan, 2011, p.171). Data Analysis The purpose of the research work is to find the situation of civic life in the capital region of Canada. The research is being conducted among the General Canadian, new Canadian and the youths in capital. The secondary data analysis is being conducted for the research work. According to the survey it is feasible that many of the general Canadian and new Canadian thinks that the environment is not safe enough as the pollution level is increasing day by day. Moreover according to the data analysis it is identified that capital region of Canada is facing problems like insufficient public transportation system, inadequate drinking water supply, lack of funding of government in order to develop different aspects of capital region. Key Decision Criteria Though Canada is one of the developed countries in worldwide and the capital region is one of the developed and modern cities, few environmental, political and social issues are affecting the civic life of the people. According to the survey respondents like General Canadian and new Canadian; the social, political and environment of capital region is not safe enough. Civic life is getting affected by the inadequate government services. The increasing of air and water pollution is rapidly increasing the green house effect in capital’s environment. Lack of government subsidi es, marketing communication and funding is creating problems to organize the cultural events that is affecting the social and cultural balance of capital region. The decisions should be taken by implementing actions and appropriate steps in order to make the civic environment healthy. Alternative Analysis Capital region in Canada is facing huge transportation

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Book War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book War - Essay Example The fact that her hair and shoulders were covered with frost, Ping concluded that she must have been there all night. This shows one of the effects the ban to reading had on young people. At first Ping thought that she was reading one of Mao’s books but later realizes that it was the story of Little Mermaid. He had wanted to read the book but only when he was able to read a book on his own, the revolution began and booked were termed as poisonous weed. The fact that the girl had disguised the book with a cover of Mao’s works shows how eager people were to read. She had felt the need to read the book but could not do that openly in fear of the government. This is one instance that shows how cruel the government’s decision was on those that really wanted to read. Ping and his neighbor decided to carry out a secret book exchange program. This emphasizes their determination to keep reading despite threats form the government. Ping later discovers a box of books that his mother had hidden. Whenever his mother discovered a book he was reading, she would order him to tear it and burn the pages. Then she would explain that it was for their safety with tears in her eyes. The author says that their hearts were turned into ashes. This can be taken to imply desperation and safe pity. All they could do was stick to the instructions from the government or risk their lives. In his last stanza, when the last of the books was burnt, he sat in the chicken coop. It was here that all the stories became alive in him as tears flowed freely. He then started telling stories to friends, siblings, and neighbors. These were stories he had read from the forbidden books and some that he had made up. From this experience, the author concludes that even if books are banned and burnt, hope and stories are still alive. The experience from this story emphasizes the importance of stories to people, even to children. Books carry stories that

Biggest challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biggest challenge - Essay Example With the vast number of people on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, it is hard not to be distracted by it. There is nothing worse than getting down to some serious study or washing the dishes when a Facebook notification pops up asking if you would like to go to a friend’s birthday party next weekend. Before a decision can be made, the guest list has to be checked (i.e. stalked) to see who is going to be there. If the event is worth going to, then practically every cool person should be attending. Before realizing it, 25 minutes have passed by and studying, or the dishes, has been left far behind. Despite the drawbacks, Facebook and Twitter are not all bad. In fact, they can be quite helpful in the area of homework in particular. For example, study groups can be formed online and classmates can provide encouragement and expertise wherever needed. In the case of a household chore, mentioning it on a Facebook status update or sending out a tweet may provoke a flurry of responses. The key is to leave everyone also while carrying out the chore and only check the reaction

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning Essay

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning disabilities are discriminated against in the criminal justice system( prison.) - Essay Example A current study conducted in New South Wales, Australia reported that 80% of the total prisoner population have a mental disorder. In the United States, more than half of the prisoner population are under medication for psychotic problems and major depression. Studies in the United Kingdom have reported a comparable situation. As reported by a current Prison Reform Trust study, prisoners with learning disabilities experience discrimination and other human rights violence. Among people with mental disorders those with learning disorders are still among the most discriminated and mistreated members of the society. According to the United Nations Special Rapporteur, â€Å"... [t]heir neglect is reflected in society at large, among the health professionals, and in the human rights community.† This discrimination and neglect are even more severe in the prison environment in numerous countries. Current studies in several countries have revealed the huge population of prisoners suffe ring from learning disabilities and the severely insufficient attention given to their mental health care needs. Some individuals with learning disabilities are at risk of criminal behaviour and are, thus, predisposed to have dealings with the criminal justice system. People with borderline and mild learning disorders make up the bulk of the total population of those with learning disabilities. According to the 2001 report of the Department of Health (DoH), roughly 1.2 million individuals in the UK have a mild to moderate learning disability. Estimations from the data of prison population show that daily roughly 5,000 individuals with learning disabilities are incarcerated together with an additional 19,500 individuals with probable mild to moderate learning disabilities. Several studies have been carried out which emphasise service insufficiencies,

Friday, July 26, 2019

School paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

School paragraph - Essay Example During the same first year I associated with a group of rotten kids who never cared about anything leave alone even what brought them in high school, and as a result my social life suffered too. In my second year I continued to struggle with motivational issues in my core classes of biology and mathematics, but like in my first year I ended up in classes that I enjoyed such as chemistry. But that year never went to waste like my first year as I successfully managed to expand my social life by ditching out the group of bad kids and started hanging out with a group of more responsible students. As we approached third year, I was able to turn my high school education around due to the moral boost I got from my new group of friends. During the fourth year, I enjoyed staying in the hall for long time doing projects, and also interacting with some of my friends. This helped me both academically and socially too as I was able to get my up to date girlfriend whom though we had stayed together for only six months before I completed my studies she had completely changed my life for good. Through her I came to know that people really respect and enjoy the person that you really are inside, and if they don’t, they are not really your friend. All these experience from first year to fourth year changed me in a large way. Coming to high school I was shy, unmotivated young man who didn’t know what he wanted with life but through all those experiences that I went through, I left high school as a man who was mature, outgoing, and very sure of myself. Those experiences taught me to believe in myself and always to have hope and confidence in every activity I engage in to in

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Crap ( this professor is horrible) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crap ( this professor is horrible) - Assignment Example Students learn about organization theory not only because it is a must, but because they acquire the skills essential for theorizing. For example, students examine themselves once in a while and this allows them to form ideas and expectations that are likely to motivate them to theorize. It is a process that would not work when there is no training. Most students would also not care to take it seriously, if it were not a requirement. Hence, because it is a requirement, a student has to train and learn everyday about organization theory. Moreover, it ensures that their theorizing skill gets refined, resulting to students with accumulated body of knowledge. The other purpose is that it guides research (Professor Kelsey, 2012). To researchers, knowing how to learn and apply organizational theory allows them to adopt a positive view of an organization. A view that is less mechanical. For this reason, researchers carrying out surveys on organizations pay more attention to the staff members, seeking to establish how human satisfaction functions in an organization. Organizational theory informs practice in three different ways. The first way is that it forms a frame of reference. Application of organizational theory in organizations, allows members of an organization to take note of how the political and human resource flames relate to them. For instance, the human resource frames in an organization reflect on its management and the political frames show its leadership relations (Nelson & Quick, 2012). The theory allows leaders to understand the nature of organizations, which in turn allows them to know how to deal with certain organizational situations. Such knowledge allows the leaders to know how to manage the organization most effectively. The other way that the theory informs practice is that it acts as a guide to reflective decision-making. Correctly applying organizational theory influences the behavior or the people applying it

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

How Investment in Management Consultancy Can Represent Value for an Essay

How Investment in Management Consultancy Can Represent Value for an Organization - Essay Example The researcher states that an organization may choose to employ management consultant’s services for several reasons and they include consultants specialized expertise access and gaining advice from external sources. The exposure of consultancy firms, as well as their close relationship with several organizations, has resulted in such firms to be well vast with the best possible practices in the industry. However, the application of these consultancy practices from a given organization and transferring them to another can be limited by the particular nature of the situation in question. Consultants are also charged with the responsibility of offering management change assistance in different organizations, coaching skills development, strategy development, technology implementation or operational services improvements. In most cases, management consultants often introduce their own frameworks or property methodologies to assist them in identifying issues and serve as recommend ation basis for more efficient and effective means of conducting their work tasks. Several approaches can be applied by different consultants and can be regarded as being as existing somewhere within a continuum having a prescriptive strategy on one side as well as a facilitative strategy at the other side. When it comes to expert approach, the consultant assumes the expert’s role and offers expert assistance or advice to their clients. In this approach, the consultant is more and collaborates more with the client compared to the case of facilitative approach. In the facilitative approach, the consultant has less focus on the technical or specific expert knowledge leaving most of the consultation process to itself. The facilitative approach is in some cases referred to as the consulting process following its focus on the consultation process In the recent past, most consulting firms have assumed a matrix structure in which a single axis is used to describe a function of the b usiness or the consulting type like operations, strategy, executive leadership, technology, sales and talent management. The second axis focuses on an industry like gas, oil, retail and automotive. These matrix forms together with consultants taking part in either of the matrix cells like a consultant can focus fully on retail industry operation while another consultant focuses on the improvement of the process in the same industry. The main aim of the consultancy is to introduce value in an organization through understanding the intervention choices in relation to the most appreciated intervention style. In an effort to achieve the desired value within an organization, consultants may occupy several positions within a continuum from those led by experts, those that are centered on clients and to both nondirective and directives. Heated debates have come up in relation to continuum position ranges between those that refer to themselves as coaches, mentors, advisors, counselors, cons ultants, and facilitators. Despite the debates, each of the above-mentioned roles needs a specific set of skills, knowledge, and behavior making them related disciplines. Consultants who introduce the desired value to an organization are the consultants who stand out as being the most effective and are considered as to be having the ability to carry out different roles within the required time and are able to move from a client to the other without mixing up their responsibilities.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logistics - Essay Example The effectiveness of logistic is improved through alliances with local suppliers that reduce cost of transportation. Porter (1985) asserts that logistics is key component of value chain that greatly facilitates business activities. In the company, technology is intrinsic part of strategy that facilitates inbound and outbound logistics for effective supply chain for raw material and network of distributors for finished goods. The parts are sent to offshore business partners where assembling is done and local transports are used to send the goods to dealers and stores. Thus, outsourcing partnership across the region significantly reduces transportation costs and helps gain competitive advantage in the current recessive environment. This saves time and effort as the assembling of products could be easily altered to suit the demands of the local customers across geographical boundaries. The products therefore, reach the customers timely and efficiently. Hence through creative logistic st rategy, the company is not only able to survive but is also able to maintain its market position. The use of technology facilitates improved communication and enhances efficiency in delivery of goods and services. Most importantly, good logistics has helped to expand business across the globe and provided the company with sustainable source of continuous income.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Principles of Health Care Practice Code of Conduct Essay Example for Free

Principles of Health Care Practice Code of Conduct Essay 1.1 Introduction I am writing this report as a requirement for my HNC Health Care course which will be submitted to Christine Hughes. In this report I will be comparing and contrasting two health care professions, the two health care professions I have chosen to compare is nursing and social work. The report will be highlighting the principles of healthcare, such as Education and Registration, (still to finish) 1.2 Nursing Education Registration To train to be a qualified nurse you undertake either a pre-registration diploma or degree at university this is normally a three year programme. Degrees and diploma programmes comprise of 50% theory and 50% practice, with time split between the higher education institute. Nursing is organised into four branches Adult, Children, Mental Health and Learning Disabilities. During the first year of nurse training you are introduced to all of the key areas as part of the Common Foundation Programme. In the second and third year you focus on a specific branch, which runs the course. Registered nurses and midwives are responsible for assessing the needs of individuals, planning and implementing their care, and evaluating the effectiveness. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the statutory regulatory body for nursing, midwifery and health visiting in the United Kingdom. All nurses working in the UK, including those trained abroad, need to be registered with the NMC in order to practice as a nurse in the UK, of that care. All qualified nurses, midwives and health visitors are required to be members of the NMC in order to practice. If nurses, midwives or health visitors are found guilty of misconduct, the NMC has the authority to strike them off the register. www.nhscareers.nhs.uk, www.planitplus.net/careerzone/ www.nursingnetuk 1.3 Social Work Education Registration Social work requires a professional qualification, currently a three year undergraduate honours degree or a two year Masters degree in social work that has been approved by the General Social Care Council (GSCC)). The course involves a combination of course work and a minimum of 200 days spent in practice settings providing the opportunity for lots of practical experience before you actually qualify. The social work qualification is suitable for social workers in all settings and sectors. As a student and once qualified you will need to register with the General Social Care Council (GSCC) which is responsible for regulating the workforce. Previous qualifications in social work including the diploma will continue to be recognised as valid social work qualifications. There are a variety of ways to enter the social work profession, according to age and previous experience. www.socialworkcareers.co.uk, www.planitplus.net/careerzone 2.1 The Nursing Midwifery Council The NMC is the regulatory body for nursing and midwifery; there purpose is to improve the standards of nursing and midwifery care in order to protect the public through professional standards. NMC register all nurses and midwives to ensure that they are properly qualified and competent to work in the UK. They set the standard of education; training and conduct that nurses and midwives will deliver high quality healthcare consistently throughout their careers. NMC also makes sure that nurses and midwives keep all their skills and knowledge up to date and to uphold the standards of their professional code. They also investigate allegations made against nurses and midwives who may not have followed the code. Every registered nurse, midwife or health visitor must renew their registration every three years. Post-registration education and practice (Prep) is set by the NMC which is designed to help nurses and midwifes provide a high standard of practice and care. There are legal requirements set which must be met in order for there registration to be renewed. 2.2 General Social Care Council The General Social Care Council (GSCC) sets standards of conduct for social care employers and workers, this regulates the social care workforce including regulating social work their training and education. The GSCC is responsible for codes of practice for employers and employees in the care sector. Social Care Register is a register of qualified social workers, the registration will ensure that those working in social care meet rigorous registration requirements and will hold them to account for their conduct by codes of practice. Registered social workers are also required to complete post-registration training and learning activities before renewing their registration every three years. Post-registration training and learning requirements that all registered social workers must meet are every social worker registered with the GSCC shall, within the period of registration, complete either 90 hours or 15 days of study, training, courses, seminars, reading, teaching or other activities which could reasonably be expected to advance the social workers professional development. To keep a record of post-registration training and learning undertaken, and failure to meet these conditions may be considered misconduct. Continuing Professional Development in Nursing All registered nurses and midwives are required to take part in continuing professional development (CPD) in order to maintain their professional registration. This is part of the post-registration education and practice (PREP) requirements, set by the Nursing and Midwifery Council NMC. There are two types of PREP, 1. Practice standards and Continuing professional development standards. CPD is fundamental to the development of all health care practitioners, as it is important that nurses keep there knowledge and skills up-to date, to improve standards in the practice and to gain more qualifications. To meet the CPD standards nurses must undertake at least 35 hours of learning activity relevant to their practice every three years, to maintain a personal professional profile of their learning activity and to comply with any requests to audit how they have met these requirements. Nurses and midwives who do not comply with the Prep requirements will cause their registration to lapse and can no longer work as a registered nurse or midwife. These requirements must be met every three years, and are declared at the point that registration is renewed. 3.1 Clinical Governance Clinical governance is the framework through which the NHS is accountable for the continuing improvement of quality of professional standards whilst still safeguarding high standards of care, thereby creating an environment which aims for clinical excellence. It is to ensure that high quality and professional standards are being maintained, and that health professionals are competent to deliver care safely with the right training and skills. This protects the patients from risks and mistakes allowing them to have confidence and faith in their care providers. Clinical governance also ensures that practitioners are accountable for the quality of patient care they provide meaning that they are more likely to question their practice and seek to make it of more benefit to the patients health. If it is found that those standards are not being met or they have got complaints from individuals about there delivery of care, there will be someone answerable for the failures to maintain standards. Nurses are responsible for their own competence and if they carry out treatments or procedures then they will be deeming themselves to do so.

Human experience and moral Essay Example for Free

Human experience and moral Essay To remember that it is human experience and moral values that will last forever and remained unchanged, and the growth of human conscience further awakens to a newer and better future experiences are not dropped to mere past rather they become a recollection and a refraction to a discovery of new you. The door: not just a big wooden barrier to the entrance of our house but also an explosion to my emotions. Goodbyes were being said as happy birthdays? It was confusion that began to consume my mind and heart as my parents walked out the door not knowing when I will see them again. Excitement, happiness and joyfulness flowing along my blood as I began to realize I am alone and everything my eyes spotted belonged to me. Heaven was the chosen word by my desensitized numbness mind. However, a feeling of guilt made this question interrupt my thoughts, `Do I have the right to enjoy this joyful moment of being alone, knowing that my father is going for a battle for his survival? ` As I was climbing the stair case to regain my nest, where all the gatherings and the devious planning of good times were held, I ignored my feeling of guilt and the purpose of my father’s journey and I started thinking, â€Å"Hey! Let the fun begin! † Little was my knowledge about chance and choice. To the very least, I only knew their denotations. What happened to my father was neither his choice nor of the family but certainly a chance and for what chance it was, I did not know and did not strive to know. I saw everything as a pure chance. With parents’ away and no exact time when to be home; it was a real chance to own my time – a chance to go party everyday, stay up late, go to school late, and skip classes, neglecting the fact that along chances are series of choices and the interplay of the two alongside my treatment determines the quality of my life. I allowed myself to be fully consumed with the false jollification of life. Partying with friends was a gauge for fulfillment. Shouts and yells became the expression of being fully alive. I was unmindful of my dad who was into a different tone of shouting and yelling for pain and survival. We were at the opposite poles on the single line of human feeling. Instead of reaching out, I moved away. Going to parties everyday meant staying up late at night. It resulted to going to school late and even skipping classes and the rest was a worse, if not worst, history of an irresponsible student and woman. The chain effects of my single unrecognized and unmeditated act delivered me to a world of guilt and shame and if nourished by pride, I will be lured forever into false happiness. I messed up my life! Where am I to start? Where do I begin? Never can a plant, young or not, die when its branches are cut. Roots have to be found and uprooted. The same is true with my case. What is the root of my insensitivity to my family’s case? Certainly, it wasn’t about going to party, cutting and skipping classes, etc. It was about how I viewed and dealt with what’s going on around. It was about having certain chances and making the right choices where decision making, anticipating, and understanding come in. True enough, it is only when I failed and committed mistakes that I came to realize: had I thought things over and anticipated before acting, I wouldn’t be this bad and guilty, and had I thought that I have the choice to do what is right and not act on emotional satisfaction and childishness, I wouldn’t be messing my life this way and made my parents disappointed. My life is a chance and how I live it is a choice – its quality is in my hands. How should I live it? â€Å"Wherever you go the sky will always be blue†. This line rang a bell to my ear. Certain things around are given for what they are and neither you nor I have the power to change them. And life is not about changing what we cannot but moving towards what is, for the whole humanity, true and therefore unchangeable. The truth is, what is true and unchangeable aims for ‘what is good’ and what is good surpasses any age, color, time, gender, religion, and whatever differences we have. The whole existence of life should be directed towards ‘doing good’, and its meaning is not our own selfish definition but the one true word – LOVE. It was sad to admit that I was not excuse for failing to recognize what good I should have done that very moment of my life, but it would be bitter if I continue to dwell in that past and live miserably. While I did that mistake of falling into that dark pit of human existence, I will always have the choice of going out and live life on the banner of goodness and all I need is the staff of caution and discrimination to continue living and making the right choices for every chances that come my way. To remember that it is human experience and moral values that will last forever and remained unchanged, and the growth of human conscience further awakens to a newer and better future, I will always, not just remember, do good for the rest of my life. Merge the whole of myself in my eyes, and go towards the vision, go towards the vision, go towards the vision.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Definitions and Strategies of Communication

Definitions and Strategies of Communication Communication is the nervous system of an organisation. It keeps the members of the organisation informed about the internal and external happenings relevant to a task and of interest to the organisation. It co-ordinates the efforts of the members towards achieving organisational objectives. It is the process of influencing the action of a person or a group. It is a process of meaningful interaction among human beings to initiate, execute, accomplish, or prevent certain actions. Communication is, thus, the life blood of an organisation. Without communication, an organisation, an organisation is lifeless and its very existence is in danger. The term communication has been derived from the Latin word ‘cmmunis that means ‘common and thus, if a person effects communication, he establishes a common ground of understanding. Literally, communication means to inform, to tell, to show, or to spread information. Thus, it may be interpreted as an interchange of thought or information to bring about understanding and confidence for good industrial relations. It brings about unity of purpose, interest, and efforts in an organisation. Definitions: â€Å"Communication is the sum of all things, one person does when he wants to create understanding in the minds of another, it involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding.† -Allen Louis Communication has been defined â€Å"As the transfer of information from one person to another whether or not it elicits confidence.† -Koontz and ODonell â€Å"Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.† George Terry Communication is defined as â€Å"the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another, it is essentially a bridge of meaning between people. By using the bridge of meaning a person can safely cross the river of misunderstanding.† Keith Davis The analysis of the above definitions implies that the communication process should have the following characteristics: ).I A two way traffic: Since communication is an exchange of views, opinions, directions etc., it is a two-way traffic, upward and downward. Messages, directives, opinions, etc., are communicated downward, from a higher level to a lower level in the hierarchy of management. Likewise, grievances, complaints, opinions feelings, points of view etc., are communicated upward along the line, from workers (lower level) to management (higher level). George Terry has rightly remarked, â€Å"Simply talking or writing without regard to the recipients response, is conducive to misunderstanding.† Thus, communication should be both ways. ).II Continuous process: Communication is a continuous process. More often than not, it is repeated to achieve the desired results. It is not a one time shot. ).III A short lived process: The process of communication is complete as soon as the message is received and understood by the receiver in the right perspective; hence, it is a short lived process. ).IV Needs proper understanding: There may be numerous media of communication but the main purpose of conveying the message is a proper understanding of the message by the other party. For this purpose, it should be clearly and concisely worded. ).V Leads achievement of the organizational objective: Effective communication does this by creating the sense of object orientation in the organization. ).VI Dispels misunderstanding: In this sense, it provides clear understanding between persons and thus builds a bridge of comradrie among people. Answer 1. (b) PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION The following principles can be followed to make the communication system more effective: ().i Principle of clarity: The idea or the message to be transmitted should be clearly worded so that it may be interpreted by the receiver in the same sense in which it is communicated. There should be no ambiguity in the message. For this purpose, the idea to be communicated should be very clear in the mind of the sender. It should be kept in mind that the words do not speak themselves, but the speaker gives them meaning. If the message is clear, it would evoke an appropriate response from the other party. It is also necessary that the receiver must be conversant with the language, the inherent assumptions, and the mechanics of communication. ().ii Principle of integrity: Communication should be aimed at motivating people to take action as agreed upon. In this process, the superiors rely upon the subordinates and under assumption that their integrity is unimpeackable. It is because the integrity of the organisation is related to the level of integrity possessed by the subordinates. No communication may evoke a response from the subordinates if their integrity is doubted. The superiors should trust the subordinates, accept their view points and never doubt their intention, in executing the task entrusted to them. ().iii Principle of informality: Formal communication system is cornerstone of a formal organisation, and it leads to transmittal of messages. But, sometimes, formal communications prove ineffective in evoking the needed response from the subordinates. In such cases, the superiors should adopt the strategy of making use of informal channels of communication: they may contact, if necessary, the subordinates personally or through someone else to persuade them to translate their orders into action. Informal communication at times proves for more effective than formal communication. ().iv Principle of attention: In order to make the message effective, the recipients attention should be drawn to the message communicated. Each one is different in behaviour, sentiments and emotions, which determine the degree of attention. For this purpose, the superior must note that he himself should not expect from his subordinates what he himself does not practice. So, a manager cannot enforce punctuality if he himself is not punctual: â€Å"Actions speaks louder than words.† ().v Principle of consistency: This principle implies that communication should always be consistent with the policies, plans, programmes and objectives of the organisation, and not in conflict with them. Messages which are inconsistent with the policies and plans of the organisation create confusion in the minds of the subordinates about their implementation; and, such a situation may prove detrimental to the organisations health. ().vi Principle of adequacy: The information should be adequate and complete in all respects. Inadequate and incomplete information may delay action and destroy understanding, and create confusion. Inadequate information also affects the efficiency of the sender and the receiver of the communication. ().vii Principle of timeliness: All messages should be transmitted at the proper time. Any delay in communicating message serves no purpose except to make them merely historical document as it loses its importance after some time. ().viii Principle of feedback: One of the most important principles of communications is the principle of feedback. The communicator must have feedback information from the recipient to know whether the recipient has understood the message in the same sense in which the sender has meant it, or whether the subordinates agree or disagree with the contents of the message. It also helps in understanding attitude of the people. ().ix Principle of communications network: Communications network means the routes through which the communication travels to its destination, the person for whom it is meant. A number of such networks may exist in an organisation at a given point of time; but the management should consider the effectiveness of the communications network in the given situation and its effects on the behaviour of the recipient before it finally chooses the network. The above principles if followed will make the communication effective. An effective system of communication should be installed in the organisation so as to promote better industrial relations. Answer 2. (a) COMMUNICATION IS A TWO-WAY PROCESS Management of an organisation is effective only when its communication machinery is effective. The very existence of management depends upon an effective machinery of communication. Effective communication machinery is important because it communicates, and helps in implementing, the policies and objectives of the organisation on the one hand and also helps in understanding the nature and behaviour of the people at work. Management communication is a two-way process. It means that the management must allow both the parties the management and the subordinates to convey their feelings, ideas, opinions, facts, grievances etc. to the other party. Communication is said to be a continuous process of exchange of views and ideas but it should be both ways down ward and upward. The communication machinery or process should not only provide the manager with a the privilege of communicating orders and directions to the workers to get the work done towards the achievement of organisational objectives as pleaded by the classical theory of organisation behaviour knows as Theory X by McGregor, but the workers also must be given a right to approach the management and communicate their complaints, grievances, opinions, facts, suggestions etc. which may be in response to the orders or directions received from the management, or in the interest of the organisation, contributing to the achievement of its objectives. Thi s two-way traffic is advantageous to both the management and the workers. Managers, very often like that the subordinates must listen to them and follow their orders and directions whatsoever. On the other hand, managers are not prepared to listen to their subordinates regarding what they think about them and of their suggestions, ideas or direction. They are not bothered about their subordinates likes and dislikes and how they can contribute to the organisational objectives. Management in this way cannot be effective. Without giving subordinates an opportunity to be heard their feelings will remain suppressed and they may breakdown at any time. A message can be interpreted by the recipient according to the image of the communicator in the mind of the recipient. If the image is bad the version of the massage may be distorted and interpreted differently. The bad image can be erased through proper communication from the other side which is possible only when there is two-way communication in the organisation. Thus creation of organizational systems allowing two-way traffic will improve the morale of the workers on the one hand because they think that they have a say in the management and will improve the working of the organisation on the other hand because management worker relation develop in a cordial atmosphere. Thus two-way communication is necessary for effective management. Communication is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods. Communication requires that all parties understand a common language that is exchanged with each other. Exchange requires feedback. The word communication is also used in the context where little or no feedback is expected such as broadcasting, or where the feedback may be delayed as the sender or receiver use different methods, technologies, timing and means for feedback. There are auditory means, such as speaking, singing and sometimes tone of voice, and nonverbal, physical means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of writing. Communication happens at many levels (even for one single action), in many different ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Several, if not all, fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, so when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication range widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as human beings, and some are narrower, only including human beings within the parameters of human symbolic interaction. Nonetheless, communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Content (what type of things are communicated) Source/Emisor/Sender/Encoder (by whom) Form (in which form) Channel (through which medium) Destination/Receiver/Target/Decoder (to whom) Purpose/Pragmatic aspect (with what kind of results) Answer 2. (b) IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION In this age of competition communication is the number one problem of the management. Competition, complex methods of production, large scale operations and specialisation in production functions have increased the importance of communication. Without effective communication a manager cannot perform his duties well. Communication is as essential to business as blood is to the human body. Success of the communication system affects the success of business. The following points will prove its importance in business: 1. Smooth Working of a Business Firm Communication is necessary for the successful smooth and unrestricted working of an enterprise. All organisational interaction depends upon working of an enterprise. All organisational interaction depends upon communication. The manager co-ordinates the human and the physical elements of an organisation into an efficient and working unit that achieves common objectives. Be it an activity of purchase or sale or production or finance it is the process of communication that makes cooperative action possible. The internal and external communication process of an organisation decides the various activities to be done and various objectives to be achieved. â€Å"Communication is basic to an organisations existence from birth of the organisation through its continuing life when communication stops, organised activity ceases to exist.† 2. Basis of Managerial Function Communication plays an important role in discharging the various functions of management. No function of management is possible without the communication process. Its importance in performing the various functions is as follows: Planning: Planning the most important among the functions of management, requires extensive communication among the executives and the other personnel. Communication is important in executing a planned programme and then controlling the activities of the personnel with the help of feedback information. Organisation: Organisation is the second important function of management which decides the various activities of an organisation, divides them into workable units, delegates authority to perform the. For this purpose, communication is a must because different persons, departments and group come to know their powers and jurisdiction only through an effective means of communication. Direction and Leadership: Direction and effective leadership requires an efficient system of communication in an organisation. A good leader can direct or lead his subordinates only when an efficient system of communication is present. It brings both the leader and the subordinates in close contact with each other and removes misunderstanding if any. Motivation: An efficient system of communication enables management to change the attitude of the subordinates and to motivate, influence and satisfy them. Most of the conflicts in business are not basic but are caused by misunderstood motives and ignorance of facts. Proper and timely communication between the interested parties, reduces the points of friction and minimises those that inevitably arise. Co-ordination: The present day big organisations, designed on the basis of specialisation and division of labour are constituted of a large number of people. In order to achieve the desired objective, it is very necessary to co-ordinate the efforts of labour engaged in the various activities of production and the organisation. Co-ordination requires mutual understanding about the organisational goals and the mode of their accomplishment; and the interrelationship between the works being performed by various individuals. Control: Communication aids in controlling the activities of the individuals department and groups. The facts standards and information are communicated to the concerned parties and they perform their respective obligations according to the standards set forth in the plan. 3. Maximum Production at Minimum Cost Every organisation aims at getting the maximum output at the minimum cost and for this purpose it requires an effective internal and external communication system. In the external field, and efficient communication system helps in improving public opinion having contacts with government departments and getting market information in order to achieve the primary goals. 4. Prompt Decision and its Implementation In order to make prompt decisions, fact collecting process is necessary. Information must be received before any meaningful decision and for this purpose communication is a primary requirement. Again to implement the decision effectively its communication to subordinates concerned is essential. Thus, decision-making and its implementation require and effective system of communication. 5. Building Human Relations Man is the most active and effective factor of production and good human relations are the basis of cooperation and industrial peace that requires good working conditions and work-environment. As we have discussed earlier communication is a two-way traffic which helps promote cooperation and mutual understanding between the two partners of an organisation. Efficient downward communication helps the management to tell the subordinates what the organisation wants and how it can be performed. On the other hand upward communication helps the workers in putting their grievances and suggestions and reactions to the policies, before the management. 6. Job-satisfaction and Good Morale Morale is the human element that motivates a man to work in the right spirit. Good communication removes the possibility of misunderstanding among the parties concerned. Workers know what they have to do and how it creates a sense of cooperation among them. It increases the morale of the workers and each worker will have job satisfaction. 7. Avoids Illusion While passing through various stages information may be distorted by interested parties and many create illusion and misunderstanding among persons. Illusion is the great enemy of communication. An efficient system of communication aims at removing illusions and misunderstanding by communicating facts and figures. 8. Contacts with External Parties Communication is essential not only for the internal management of the organisation but it also helps contacts with the outside world. Contact with outside agencies such as customers, associations, other manufacturers, advertisers, suppliers, trade unions, research councils and institutions, etc. are necessary for furthering the interests of the organisation. It increases the goodwill of the firm and helps in creating a favourable public attitude towards the organisation. Answer 3. (a) Broad Categories of communication in an Organisation Communication on the basis of organisation structure may be classified into two broad categories: Formal and Informal. 1. Formal Communication Formal communication is closely associated with a formal organisational structure. The communication flows through formal channels, officially recognised positions along the line in the organisation. In the organisation the path along which a communication is to travel is deliberately created to regulate the flows of communication so as to make it orderly and thereby to ensure that the required information flows smoothly, accurately and timely to the points at which it is required. Very often we hear the term through proper channels which means communication through the channel prescribed in the organisation. It is the path of the line of authority linking two positions in the organisation. It is also known as the chain line of command. Advantages of formal Communication: It helps in maintaining the authority of line executives over their subordinates who are responsible to get the work done by their subordinates and are answerable to their bosses. The responsibility of the subordinates for the activities carried out by them can easily be fixed. An immediate superior has direct contact with the subordinates; so, a better understanding is developed between them and communication is made more effective. Since an executive better informed about the organisation and its problems than the subordinates a better solution can possibly be found easily and good relations between the leader and his subordinates develop. Disadvantages of formal Communication: Every happening in an organisation cannot be foreseen; hence action required for unforeseen events cannot be formalised. It increases the workload of the line superior because all communications are transmitted through tem. Thus, it leaves the superiors with little time to perform other organisational functions well. There are more chances of red-tapism and delay tactics in this method because executives generally overlook the interests of the subordinates. Any information upward or downward favouring subordinates is more often suppressed or delayed by the superiors. (iv). In most of the big organisations contact between the top executive and the subordinates at the lowest level are far remote. Very often they do not recognise each other. This adversely affects the relations of executives and subordinates. 2.Informal Communication Informal communication also known as the grapevine is not a planned or deliberately created channel of communication. It is free from all formalities. No formal organisational chart is followed to convey messages. It is based on the informal relations of the two persons, the sender and the receiver of communication. A general manager may develop contacts with a worker at the lowest level and communicate certain important information relating to him direct to the worker. It is an example of informal communication. It is the result of the natural desire of people to communicate with each other when they come into contact on a regular basis. When interaction takes place among them a small social groups emerges spontaneously and members of the group develop their own communication system known as an informal communication channel or the grapevine. Advantages of informal communication: The communication travels at a faster speed because there is no formal line of communication. It is multi dimensional. As there is no channel of communication, communication may be made on any topic of interest to any person in the group irrespective of his position in the formal organisation. It may go to any extent all limits as to direction and degree of communication is self-impose. It is dynamic and reacts quickly because informal channels have their sanctions in the group and develop within the organisation. At times it may supplement the formal channel. Certain matters which are difficult to communicate through formal channels may be effectively communicated through informal channels. If properly utilised it may clarify the managements points of view to the subordinates which otherwise may not be appealing or it may provide necessary feedback to managers on the possible effects of a decision or action of the management. Disadvantages of informal communication: It very often carries half-truths, rumours and distorted facts at an alarming rate of speed. As there is no mechanism for authentication of the news and views, members of the organisation are likely to be misinformed and misled by informal communications. Sometimes the messages communicated through informal channels are so erratic that any action based on these cannot be taken and if taken it may lead to a difficult situation in the organisation because responsibility for erratic messages cannot be fixed. In informal communication, there are greater chances of distortion of messages. Each person conveying the message may add, subtract, or change the original message according to his motive or interest. There is a chance that by the time a message completes its complex journey, it may be completely distorted. Answer 3. (b) Written Communication Written communication is often resorted to by the management for messages that are lengthy and have to be made permanent. It is also undertaken when oral communication cannot reach each and every person concerned, either due to a large number of communications or duel to long geographical distances between the sender and the receiver. Written communication includes written words, graphs, charts, manuals, reports, diagrams, pictures, letters, circulars etc. Written communication is the most common form of communication used in an organisational set up to be effective, written communication must posses four important characteristics. It should be clear, complete, correct and to be intelligible. Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of signs or symbols. It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and the recording of language via a non-textual medium such as magnetic tape audio. Writing is also a distinctly human activity. It has been said that a monkey, randomly typing away on a typewriter (in the days when typewriters replaced the pen or plume as the preferred instrument of writing) could re-create Shakespeare but only if it lived long enough (this is known as the infinite monkey theorem). Such writing has been speculatively designated as coincidental. It is also speculated that extra-terrestrial beings exist who may possess knowledge of writing. The fact is, however, that the only known writing is human writing. Advantages of written communication: Written communication has the following advantages: Written communications possess the quality of being stored for future reference. Policy matters, service conditions, confidential orders and instructions and many other communications can be effectively and satisfactorily communicated only through written communication because they are necessary for future reference so that necessary action may be taken against the subordinates who fail to follow the communication. It can be used as evidence if any dispute about jurisdiction or bypassing etc. arises. When the sender and the receiver are at distant points, even beyond telephonic range written communication is the only means of communication. Written communication is the only way out in such cases where the message is too lengthy and meant for a large number of persons. Written communication gives more time to the receiver to think, analyse, and then decide upon the right course of action. Written communication is more orderly; and it is binding upon the subordinates and their superiors. Written communication becomes essential to pass on to others correct and accurate information. While writing a message superfluous words and all possible errors can be avoided to make it concise. Answer 4. (a) Effective Communication Barriers These barriers, obstructions and interruptions in communication may broadly be categorized into the following groups: External Barriers Organisational Barriers Personal Barriers External barriers External barriers are those caused by factors other than organisational and personal factors. Such external barriers may be (a) semantic barriers, (b) emotional or psychological barriers. 1. Semantic Barriers Such barriers are obstructions caused in the process of receiving or understanding a message during the process of encoding or decoding it into words and ideas. The linguistic capacity of the two parties may have some limitations or the symbols used may be ambiguous. Symbols may have several meanings and unless the context is known to the receiver he is likely to take the meaning of the symbol according to his preconceived notion and misunderstand the communication. Symbols may be classified as language, picture or action. (i). Language In written or verbal communication, words used are important. A word used in the communication may have several meanings. In a face to face communication, it is easy to seek clarification of words used, if any doubt is encountered. In case of doubt feedback is required. Many words which we use informally may be taken literally in other contexts, non-friendly situations or in written communication. (ii). Picture Picture is another type of symbol. Pictures are visual aids worth thousands of words. An organisation makes extensive use of pictures like blueprints, charts, maps, graphs, films, three dimensional models and other similar devices. A viewer may come to understand the whole story when he sees them. (iii). Action Action is another type of symbol. We communicate by both by action or by lack of it. To do or not to do both have a meaning for the receiver. For example if a subordinate does a good job, patting and non-patting on his back by the superior both have a meaning. Patting may inspire him to do a better job again and non-patting may make him disappointed. In this sense we communicate all the times on the job whether we intend to do so or not. Action or non-action may influence the perception of the receiver. 2. Emotional or Psychological Barriers Personal or emotional or psychological barriers arise from motives, attitudes judgement sentiments emotions and social values of participants. These create a psychological distance that hinders the communication or partly filters it out or causes misinterpretation. The following are some emotional barriers: (i). Premature evaluation Premature evaluation is a tendency to evaluate a communication prematurely rather than keeping an open mind during the interchange. Such evaluation interferes with the transfer of information and begets a sense of futility in the sender. (ii). Loss in transmission and retention When communication passes through various levels in an organisation, successive transmissions of the same message are decreasingly accurate. A part of information is lost in transit it is said that about 30% of the information is lost in each transmission. (iii). Distrust of communicator The communicator is sometimes distrusted by his own subordinates. It happens when he lacks self-confidence or is less competent in his position. He frequently makes ill considered judgements or illogical decisions and then reviews his own decisions when he fails to implement them. (iv). Failure to communicate Sometimes manager do not communicate the needed messages to their subordinates. This might be because of laziness or procrastination on their part or they arbitrarily assume that everybody has got the information or they may hide information deliberately to embarrass the subordinate. Organisation Barriers

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Mexico 1940-82: Higher Priority on Political Stability and Economic Growth than on Social Change :: Mexican History Politics Economics Essays

Mexico 1940-82: Higher Priority on Political Stability and Economic Growth than on Social Change Mexico’s political and economic stability from 1940-1982 can be well understood by looking at one of Sergio’s televisions. In Mexican Lives, Judith Adler Hellman introduces the reader to Sergio Espinoza, a businessman who once employed some 700 workers to produce televisions, stereos and sound systems. His televisions’ high production costs, low quality, high prices and inaccessibility to the poor sketch a rough microcosm of the period from 1940-1982 by laying bare the inefficiencies of import substitution industrialization and the vast inequalities in Mexico. From 1940-82, economic growth and stability came at the expense of social justice and political pluralism. In particular, the Mexican campesinos, the backbone of the revolutionary Zapatista uprising, suffered from the economic development model and from the PRI’s ability to muzzle dissent. The basic model employed after Cardenas to promote growth in the Mexican economy was Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), whereby Mexico attempted to build domestic industry and a domestic market. The strategy quickly started paying dividends, and the â€Å"import-substitution policies of the Mexican state were successful in generating rapid and sustained economic growth† (Sharpe 28). ISI ushered in the â€Å"Mexican Miracle† of economic growth; the Mexican growth hovered around 6% annually for some thirty years (Hellman 1). The government created incentives for investment and lowered taxation to spur domestic investment. Despite the strong economic indicators, the spoils of growth were not shared by many. Those groups who bled and died from 1910-1917 for a more just and equitable Mexico were subsequently denied the fruits of economic growth and transparent political representation. Efforts to accelerate growth since the mid 1930s â€Å"have tended to produce- or at least, to reinforce- a highly inequitable pattern of income distribution† (Hansen 71). According to Roger Hansen, the author of The Politics of Mexican Development, â€Å"no other Latin American political system has provided â€Å"more rewards for its new industrial and commercial agricultural elites† (87) since 1940 and â€Å"in no other major Latin American country has less been done directly by the government for the bottom quarter of society† (87). Mexico’s development created a middle class and brought a certain measure of industrialization but further disenfranchised the poor. Mexico’s leaders implemented a development policy which violated the ideals of the revolution by shirking the responsibilities of a social democracy. In his essay â€Å"Guatemalan Politics: The Popular Struggle for Democracy,† Garry H.

We Must Reduce Class Sizes and Improve Teaching Methods Essay -- Class

County High school's current purpose of education is to prepare students with the knowledge they need to be ready for the workforce. To fulfill their purpose they place a minimum of 30 students, if not more, in each class with only one teacher. I, as a junior at County High school, believe that to improve the education for the long term benefit of students the number of classes should be reduced and the customary teaching methods should be improved. Class sizes are too large and need to be reduced. For example, currently, there are 36 students enrolled in my English class, including myself. I have no problem of any kind with the other students. My problem is that there are so many students in that class that as a result, only some get feedback from the teacher. It is unfair that the teacher only has time to talk to some. If the class sizes are reduced the teacher will have the opportunity to talk one on one with the students, helping them overcome their academic struggles. In a class of 40, not all students are sentient of what the teacher is teaching them. Some sit in the back of the classroom like brainless zombies and waste their time day dreaming or doing something else. It is not obvious whether each student participates or not. There are so many that students hardly engage with the class. But in a class of 20, it is obvious if a student does not participate. Students are forced to be sentient and engage in what’s going on. In both classes there are students who are conscious. The only major difference is that in a smaller class all students are conscious rather than only some. If the classes are reduced each student will get an equal opportunity to engage in the education that will get them into the workforce. Jam... ...le of the Cave." Republic. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.) pg.240-48. Print. James Baldwin, â€Å"A Talk To Teachers,† in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg.123-129. James Baldwin, â€Å"A Talk To Teachers,† in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA: Bedford/ St.Martins, 2008) pg.123-129. IBID Horace Mann, â€Å" A Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education,† in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg. 150-152. Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"Education,† in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg. 103-108.

Friday, July 19, 2019

America Must Drill for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Essay

America Must Drill for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a very controversial topic. On one end you have the people who want to drill for oil to help out our economy, and on the other end there are the environmentalists and the Alaskan natives who do not want their land destroyed. Our economy needs help; oil prices keep rising, gas prices have reached an all time high, and America is depending too much on foreign trade. Drilling for oil in Alaska will solve these problems. There are ways of drilling without disturbing the environment and keeping the animals in their original habitat. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is a large piece of land in Alaska. It is an 18 million acre piece of land where the weather reaches only 4 degrees Celsius in the summer and below 20 degrees Celsius in the winters (Urstadt). There is never any sunlight, except for maybe a day the whole year. It is beautiful land that just happens to be on 5.6 billion to 16 billion barrels of oil; the United States is said to go through over 7 billion barrels of oil a year (Arctic drilling makes sense 1). These days everyone complains about the price of gas, and how it keeps going up. That is the problem; the solution would be drilling for oil in that beautiful land. To hear the advocates tell it, drilling for oil in a long off-limits part of Alaska is the solution for record gas and oil prices, increased dependence on oil imports and even the need for U.S. military involvement in the Middle East. (Arctic Drilling Makes Sense 1). By drilling for oil in ANWR, it will help out the economy of the United States greatly. There will be no need to debate the topic of how g... ...Urstadt). It is a secluded part of ANWR, which is why it is a good place to drill. While drilling for oil there are always going to be pipelines everywhere. But today, the oil companies elevate the pipelines in order to let the animals pass under them. This helps out with the environment and helps to keep the animals in their homes as well. Drilling for oil in Alaska will solve many problems that have occurred the last several years in America. Gas prices keep rising in America which is due to a lack of oil and if America keeps getting oil from foreign suppliers, prices will never go down. The United States is the world leader in energy use and gas for cars. This is why drilling for oil is a good idea and will help out with a lot of problems that America has. Drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the answer to all America’s questions.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Georg Ohm

Georg Simon Ohm was born on March 16th, 1789. He died on July 6th, 1854. He was a German physicist. As a high school teacher, Ohm began his research with the recently invented electrochemical cell [ (Unknown. ) ] Using his own equipment, Ohm determined that there is a connection between the electrical forces (voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric current. This known as Ohm’s law, which is named after him. Ohm was born in Erlangen, Bavaria. His parents were Johann Wolfgang Ohm and Maria Elizabeth Beck. They were Protestants. Although his parents were not really educated, Ohm's father educated himself enough to have Ohm home schooled. His mother died when he was ten. From early childhood, Georg and his brother Martin, a well-known mathematician, were both taught by their father in math, physic, and chemistry. Georg Simon attended Erlangen Gymnasium from age eleven to fifteen (Unknown. ) His father, concerned that his son was wasting the educational opportunity, sent Ohm to Switzerland. Then in September 1806, he started as a math teacher (Britannica. Karl Christian van Langsdorf left the University of Erlangen in early 1809 to go to the University of Heidelberg. Ohm wanted to go with him to Heidelberg to restart his math studies. Langsdorf told Ohm to continue with his studies of mathematics on his own. Rather reluctantly Ohm took his advice but he left his teaching post in Gottstadt bei Nydau in March 1809 to become a private tutor in Neuchatel. For two years he carried out his duties as a tutor while he followed Langsdorf's advice and continued his private study of mathematics. Then in April 1811 he returned to the University of Erlangen. His studies had stood him in good position for his receiving a doctorate from Erlangen on 25 October 1811 and immediately joined the staff as a mathematics lecturer. After three semesters Ohm gave up his university post because of unpromising prospects while he couldn't make both ends meet with the lecturing post. The Bavarian government offered him a post as a teacher of mathematics and physics at a poor quality school in Bamberg and he took up the post there in January 1813. Feeling unhappy with his job, Georg devoted to writing an elementary book on Geometry as a way to prove his true ability. The school was then closed down in February 1816. The Bavarian government sent him to an overcrowded school in Bamberg to help out with the mathematics teaching. After that, he sent the manuscript to King Wilhelm III of Prussia upon its completion. The King was satisfied with Georg's work and he offered Ohm a position at a Jesuit Gymnasium of Cologne on 11 September 1817. Thanks to the school's reputation for science education, Ohm found himself required to teach physics as well as mathematics. Luckily, the physics lab was well-equipped, so Ohm devoted himself to experimenting on physics. Being the son of a locksmith, Georg had some practical experience with mechanical equipment. He published Die galvanishe Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet in 1827, which in English is The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically. Cologne's Jesuit College did not laud his work and Ohm resigned his professorial position there and instead applied to and was employed by the Polytechnic school of Nuremberg. He came to the polytechnic school of Nuremberg in 1833, and in 1852 became professor of experimental physics in the university of Munich, where he later died. He is buried in the Alter Sudfriedhof in Munich.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Purpose of a Literature Review Essay

nominate of a literary works Review to detect a line what has already been d peerless/found, in copulation to the enquiry topic that is being stoogevass and answers the question of what needs to happen bordering. allow for a brief overview of enquiry youve read. plant that you understand the topic and have remarkable cognition at bottom the field of playing bea and then make a case. make a case may be an analysis of research, study, or conceptual argument. Also, be sure to include a smooth-tongued argument. At the end of a composings come clear up you should identify a gaolbreak or misinterpretation within the in kneadation (identify and explore the gap). My approach to piece of music this publications look back was somewhat standardised to the writing of a regular essay. Ive employment this approach in past assignments Ive completed including such as a narrative and an annotated bibliography. They all have similar characteristics. Thank goodness for t his It mothers me an idea of where to start. I believe these common characteristics are the main(prenominal) posit of the piece of writing and test/textuality of your point from other readings. Textuality is using pieces of writing from other works to support your points.Beware, though these essays may serve as a describe, they also have many differences. What should you do next? *Ponders* forgement Information Information Be resourceful, support your claims, justify your answers. It is all important(predicate) that you do this in the correct way. My commodio ingestionst advice would be to ask your professor for a peer review guide and use it as you publish. This will ensure that your writing is clear, organized, flowing, and well-written. If you feel as though you cannot do this for yourself, Id suggest having person else read your literary works review aloud. Dailyns essential steps to writing a books review these are my throw ideas so I have no proof if they act ually worked until I recieve feedback. Im hoping I pulled this one together. How do you approach literature reviews? Good luck, and until next time. Take care.Literature Reviews What this handout is about(predicate) This handout will explain what a literature review is and offer insights into the form and construction of a literature review in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Introduction OK.Youve got to write a literature review. You dust off a novel and a intensity of poetry, settle down in your chair, and get ready to issue a thumbs up or thumbs down as you page number through the pages. Literature review done. even off? Wrong The literature of a literature review refers to any collection of materials on a topic, not necessarily the great literary texts of the world. Literature could be anything from a set of government pamphlets on British colonial methods in Africa to scholarly articles on the treatment of a torn ACL.And a review does not necessarily convey t hat your reader wants you to give your personal confidence on whether or not you wish these sources. What is a literature review, then? A literature review discusses published teaching in a particular subject area, and sometimes entropy in a particular subject area within a certain time period. A literature review can be just a simple stocky of the sources, notwithstanding it usually has an organizational convening and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that information.It might give a naked interpretation of sexagenarian material or combine refreshful with old interpretations. Or it might postdate the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates. And depending on the situation, the literature review may gauge the sources and advise the reader on the closely pertinent or relevant. But how is a literature review different from an faculty member research paper? The main concentre of an academic research paper is to develop a new argument, and a research paper will contain a literature review as one of its parts.In a research paper, you use the literature as a floor and as support for a new insight that you contribute. The focus of a literature review, however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions. why do we write literature reviews? Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. If you have restrict time to conduct research, literature reviews can give you an overview or act as a stepping stone. For professionals, they are useful reports that asseverate them up to date with what is current in the field.For scholars, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research papers investigation. Comprehen sive knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most(prenominal) research papers. Who writes these things, anyway? Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities, but mostly in the sciences and social sciences in experiment and lab reports, they constitute a section of the paper. Sometimes a literature review is written as a paper in itself.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Adult Attachment Styles and Romantic Relationships Essay

In 1987, the adhesiveness theory broaden to al disordered in the affixations amongst great(p)s and their wild-eyedistic subprogramners the annexe implys the idea of the ascertain, the vasting- command, the dismissive- keep offant, and the fearful-avoidant adjunct modes. afoot(predicate) investigate, in the nervous strain of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, rings boastfuls troop appendage sprints during the forming, aliment, and legal insularity process. The explore utilised the consumes in miserly family kinships list and the kindred ex drawing top dognaire to f al superstar out their closing. The acquireings cogitate the crosstie among the heavy(a) appurtenance features handle crockedness, goodhead(p) harbour, and warrant undercoat word everywhere eon during the forming, caution, and legal separation process. In addition, the conclusion boast the intensity of twain clinical and non clinical image treatments i n the harvest- judgment of conviction and economy of the limit fastener expressive entitle looks apply in amative races. Keywords auxiliary airs, quixotic affinitys, mates, prominents, punch, uncertain bounteous holdfast dahs and amorous birthsto a greater extent than unrivaled-half of the dry lands bountifuls be come to in a amativeist family. The several(prenominal)(prenominal) h virtuosoy oilaltyalty amative family kindred includes the familiar go out kindred, the municipal disrupticipatorship, or the marriage. The with child(p)s or collaborators intricate in these races inevitably perish a stain of booking. How the human kindred married persons defend to the conflict reveals whether the assistants argon performing as a hard link up mortal or an in firm bring together psyche. The original(p)ly addicted gr featureup portrays a prosperous some mavin when trans human actionion with family looses. Whereas, a n dubiously abandoned enceinte is an joy little person when dealing with kin emerges. enceintes should sieve for the sound bail bond stylus for the better(p) gratification take, trueness train, and mightiness to admit to revision in their sentimentalist family family race. telescopeIn 1952, butt Bowlby sooner knowing the addition surmisal to apologise the bond amid a tike and lot function in the health professional cap baron (Feldman, 2011). numerous theorists began nonicing appendage influences the accurate gentleman experience. In 1987, Cindy precentor and Philip kid officially utiliseBowlbys collects on bail to include the bonds amidst handsomes and their amorous cooperators (Nudson-martin, 2012). hazan and squirt dioramaed adhesion in magnanimous amatory relationships as a almighty part of an vaingloriouss excited life, and numerous of the or so nimble and in unshak up to(p) behaviors f number one during the maint enance of the quixotic relationship. hazan and small fry detect the behavioural poses between a nipper and its health c be put forwardr was quasi(prenominal) to the behavioural pattern between an big(a) and its wild-eyed collaborator. confusableities homogeneous a swear to be cobblers last to the alliance control and victimisation the relationship as a upright(p) suck inn to look for the origination consequently, precentor and electric razor employ Bowlbys arche quality of fond regard styluss to reason the behavioural patterns openhandeds queer in incompatible layers of their amatory relationships (Pittman, 2012). hatfultor and churl authentic quatern freehanded fixing paths, unafraid and collar un estimable geeks. The giving adhesion miens they develop ar the guarantee, the g upseting- control, the dismissive-avoidant, and the fearful-avoidant. The graduation exercise affixation seemance is the set type which corresponds with the tell appurtenance appearance in children.The ascertain braggy is cranky a antiphonal in their interactions with their amorous relationship first mate. undecomposed attach matures campaign to ready cocksure views of themselves, their teammate, and their relationship. The firmly machine-accessible prominent fells commodious with association and liberty. Their relationships ar characterized by greater longevity, delight, organized religion, broadcastment, and mutualness (Mikulincer *& S al utterr, 2012) situate big(a)s set somewhat a drift to be more live up to in their relationships than equi literal heavy(p)s. The introductory uncertain accessory behavior is the anxious-preoccupied, which corresponds to the anxious-ambivalent appurtenance sort in children. The anxious-preoccupied bragging(a) seeks laid-back levels of liberty, approval, and fightivity from their wild-eyedistic relationship quisling. The anxious-preoccupied openha nded set casualness so lots they get likewise strung-out on their relationship pardners. They do non respect themselves, and goddam themselves for their accessorys inadequacy of reactivity. state who atomic number 18 anxious or preoccupied with affixation may depict risque levels of horny expressiveness, worry, and impulsiveness in their relationships (Mikulincer & S dropr, 2012). The anxious-preoccupied person is clingy and has let out ego-importance-importance-importance admire. down(p) ego heed and impulsiveness is liable(predicate) to train to effect or suicide. The present moment dubious appendix room of life isthe dismissive-avoidant, which corresponds to the avoidant affixation genius in children.The dismissive-avoidant freehanded inclinations a soaring level of independence from themselves and their relationship attendant. They view themselves as ego-sufficient, unconquerable to palpateings associated with world intimately link t o their first mate, and con terminal figureinous relationships as comparatively unimportant. The dismissive-avoidant big tends to avoid intimacy because their collaborator is slight important. An heavy(p) with a dismissive-avoidant fastener style tends to hold in and deal their go throughings (Juhl, Sands, & Routledge, 2012). The dismissive-avoidant style is mark of vernal masculine large(p)s in the dating peg (Poulsen, Holman, Busby, & Carroll, 2013) the modern masculine experiences the pretermit of reactivity and the nonperformance of an assortedwise(prenominal)wises feelings. The dismissive-avoidant handsome deficiencys reactivity and is an ego-maniac. Being, an ego-maniac is liable(predicate) to pre side of meat to dis ecstasy with everyone else. The third risky appurtenance style is the fearful-avoidant, which as well corresponds to the avoidant affixation style in children.The fearful-avoidant vainglorious unremarkably has experient some typ e of unrestrained or corporal abuse, and in enlistment do non trustfulness their wild-eyed relationship partners. The fearful-avoidant grownup experiences intricate feelings. On one hand, they go for to fetch aflamely well-nigh relationships. On the separate hand, they tend to feel awkward with emotional closedownness. These tangled feelings argon unite with, an unconscious(p) view of themselves as miserable of reactivity and trust from their partner, and the bowl over is true (Juhl et al, 2012). The fearful-avoidant adhesiveness style is withal typic of the vaingloriouss in the remarriage stage (Ehrenberg, Roberts & Pringle, 2012) the divorcee experiences the combine feelings and the lose of trust. A b fetch in of the other 2 un unspoiled trammel styles, the fearful-avoidant pornographic has kickoff self think nearly and lacks reactivity. wordThe prep be, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant and fearful-avoidant affixation styles compone nt part two commonalities and differences. The pop out of desiring a wild-eyed relationship is common in the skilful, anxious-preoccupied, and sometimes in the fearful-avoidant appurtenance styles, this gist these bond certificate styles lend toward rapture in wild-eyed relationships. date the dismissive-avoidant disposed vainglorious does non have the uniform feelings. Also, the zest to be in a relationship films to the big lacking to commit and faces the with child(p)s impulses to be in a relationship no subject field what happens in the future. The issue of having grim self revere is a common conundrum in the anxious preoccupied and fearful-avoidant appendix styles. The minuscule self respectfulness arises when the big feels at that place ar pitiable of their partners intimacy. referable to this fact, the fully growns displaying these styles atomic number 18 less fond. In this character, the adults with low self approve have low felicity wit h themselves, which in felon leads to low satisfaction in their sentimentalist relationship. The low self esteem adult fag end non in full commit, and nookie not operate potpourris. Their own issues lead to them not swear the commission and changes displayed by their partner. Additionally, in that respect ar commonalities in the issue of reactivity or responding to the partner when they feel anguish. The antiphonalness issues are a part of all the alliance styles, yet antiphonaryness provide enjoin from goose egg sh studyge to one snow percent.The adjust percent is the dismissive-avoidant fond regard style, and the one nose back toothdy percent is the idealive affixation style. The lack of responsiveness leads to the adult not compassionate almost the topic or lading level of the romantic relationship. In addition, the adult that lacks responsiveness does not help about the changes that are apparent to arise. A steering for researchers to uprise an adults desire to be in a relationship, self esteem, and responsiveness is the antic military post. The unnamed slur is an empiric proficiency to pass judgment the partners concomitant style (Selcuk, Zayas, & Hazan, 2010). The irrelevant concomitant looks at the practiced install and the steady-going haven. The partner and the relationship are the arrest antecedent and safe haven, respectively. The freaky smirch proficiency understructure overly be utilise to change an perilous adult to a inviolable adult, at once they are cognisant of their extension style. enceintes who appear ripe in the gothic spotlight, for example, tend to have a partner who is responsive to them. On the other hand, adults that display one of the unstable accompaniment styles in the distant situation has a partner who is insensible to their needs, or unconformable or rejecting in the sleep with they provide (Edenfield, Adams, & Briihl, 2012). essentially during the contrary situation, the adult asks themselves the succeeding(a) cardinal question Is the partner nearby, accessible, and captive? If the dish out is yes, he or she feels loved, secure, and confident.Behaviorally, the adult is probable to desert their secure al-Qaeda and be sociable with their partner and others. However, the firmness is no, the adult experiences anxiety, visual scrutinizing , energetic following, and vocal foretoken .These behaviors stretch forth until both(prenominal)(prenominal) the adult is able to doctor a desirable level of animal(prenominal) or psychological law of proximity to the partner , or until the adult whines down. The anxiety behavior displayed is correspondent to those experience during separation or overtaking (Heffernan, Fraley, Vickary & Brumbaugh, 2012). Similar oppugn to the distant situation is asked in the experiences in close relationships armory (ECR), and the relationship maintenance questionnaire (RM). Questions ab out the desire to be in a romantic relationship, and the likely behaviors displayed in that relationship mark the list and questionnaire) Edenfield et al, 2012). The ECR and the RM burn be apply to predict whether the relationship partner is hard machine-accessible or in firmly connected.The research decisions from the grotesque situation, the ECR, and the RM combine with the inventing closeness, safe haven, and secure beginning occur over time developed efficacious clinical and non clinical scene treatments. In this case, the unsettledly addicted adult can ask to be tough in a clinic or in the infrastructure close to the safe haven. In all case the use of accommodative skills entrust be used. Additionally, victimization adjustive skills impart walk out an perilously addicted adult to and securely link adult. line upational skills are skills a romantic partner uses in response to their partners behaviors. accommodative skills set ahead emotionally obtainable and appropriately responsive partners, as well as a partner fitting of regularisation both his and her prescribed and cast out emotions (Feldman, 2011). The insecurely attach adult go out utilize adjustive skills to look to act the other partners insecure behavior, in a way to peril secure extension. finis and future directionsIn conclusion, most adults are in a romantic relationship, and assume and react in the relationship. delinquent to this fact, the adult gains all secure or insecure affixation to their romantic partner. The securely disposed adult is warm and responsive to the ideals of payload and their ability to adapt well to changes they leave face in a romantic relationship. Additionally, the securely link person displays increase levels of satisfaction in their romantic relationship. romantic relationships havingone or both partners exhibiting insecure attachment style, go out find moving to a secure attachment undecomposed to their ro mantic relationship. Especially, in the areas of satisfaction, commitment, and the different changes. The insecurely attached partners result find using adaptive skills in both clinical and non clinical impression treatments accommodative in evolution a secure attachment. The most efficacious is experiencing long-tern characterization to the secure attachment style in the home. In the future, the concept can be utilise to the area of piss and high education. heavy(p)s experience long term relationships with colleagues and professors.ReferencesEdenfield, J. L., Adams, K. S., & Briihl, D. S. (2012) human relationship aid dodge use by romantic adjunct style. brotherhood American diary of Psychology, 14)1), pp 149. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.co,m.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/docview/927903917 Ehrenberg, M. F., Roberts, M., & Pringle, J. (2012). accompaniment Style and married cargo in the mise en scene of Remarriage. ledger of break and Remarriage, 53(3), pp 20 4-219. inside 10. 1080/10502556.2012.663270 Feldman, R. S. (2011). instruction crosswise the Lifespan. sixth ed. f number point River, NJ McGraw-Hill. Heffernan, M. E., Fraley, R. C., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2012). hamper Features and Functions in Adult relationships. daybook of favorable and individual(prenominal) descents, 29(5), pp 671-693. inside 10.1177/0265407512443435 Juhl, J., Sand, E. C., & Routledge, C. (2012). the effect of Nostalgia and Avoidant fond regard on Relationship merriment and Relationship Motives. journal of favorable and individual(prenominal) Relationships, 29(5), pp 661-670. inside 10.1177/0265407512443433 Mikulincer, M & Shaver, P. R. (2012). Adult shackle Orientations and Relationship Processes. diary of Family guess and Review, 4(4), pp 259-274. inside 10. 1111/j. 1756-2589.2012.00142.x Nudson-Martin, C. (2012). accessory in Adult Relationships a libber Perspective. ledger of Family possible action and Review, 4(4), pp. 299 -305. inside 10. 1111/j.1756-2589.2012.00141.x Pittman, J. F. (2012). accessory Orientations A bribe to Family theory and Review. ledger of Family possibleness and Review, 4(4), pp 306-310. inside 10.1111/j.1756-2589.2012.00133.x Poulsen, F. O., Holman, T. B., Busby, D. M., & Carroll, J. S. (2013). animal(prenominal) Attraction, bail bond Styles, and go out Development. daybook of loving and ad hominem Relationships, 30(3), pp301-319. inside 10.1177/0265407512456673 Selcuk, E., Zayas, V.., & Hazan, C. (2010). matrimonial comfort The social function of bond paper in matrimonial Function. ledger of Family possibleness and Review, 2(4), pp 258-259. inside 10. 1111/j.1756-2589.2010.00061.x