Functional Health Patterns Community Assessment Health And Social Care Essay

Functional Health Patterns Community Assessment Health And Social Care Essay The variances in ethnic views have influences on outlooks towards health care, their readiness to realize, observe and regulate to the progression of sickness. They consider that health is holistic and there is link between body, mind, and soul. Their ethnic beliefs effect the basis of sickness, appearance of are mostly and interaction of health problems and how they look for healthcare. They mostly have faith in in God. Catholics typically have divine objects in their home environment. They do not worth health promotion due to deficiency of language support and prefer Emergency visits. They might get incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate medication due to absence of communication. Their racial ethics are used to stimulate conduct to decrease the threat of sicknesses. It also develops communications and health effects and supports them to look for healthier actions. They use their money for whole family and for beverages (Kemp). Actual Diagnosis: Risk for Spiritual Grief Interference. Interventions: Practice beneficial interaction when contacting patient and reassure involvement in spiritual actions. Health Perception/Management Diabetes is on of the predominant health problems in this community.Accordng to CDC 28.3% of adults are diabetic in this state. Over the next 20 years, the obesity could contribute 741,358 new cases of type 2 diabetes. County provides immunization to children from birth up to age 18. Infant mortality rate was 4.3% in 2011. Injury related death rate was 40.4 per 100,000. MCFRS has full operational authority. It is ultimately responsible for the safety, health and welfare all personals. There are military and civilian behavioral health professionals for the enrichment of the community. Referrals to outside agencies are given for legal issues, financial planning, foster care, housing services. Nutrition/Metabolic Lack of fertile soil is primarily the indicator of nutrient deficiency.62.7% adults are overweight according to 2007 report, because of obesity prevalence; the community is in alert for the availability of affordable food. Special discounts are only available for members with gym privileges, through streams or storm water collection. Drinking fountain is not permitted but water coolers are available. Junk snacks are banned in 2008. Fast food, candy and other low nutritious items are still available. And there are vending machines. No remarkable evidence of healthy food consumption. Violence and obesity are the evidence of unhealthy food consumption. Special diets are mandated by religious practices and beliefs. School is adhering to the obesity prevention program. No candy or soda during meal time. Students who are from low income families are entitled for free lunch. Elimination (Environmental Health Concerns) Ground level ozone results in smog. Construction activity is the main cause of noise up to 85 Decibels. This County has a recycling center. Integrated pest management is committed for pest control and schools provide updated list for the usage. Standard washing machine with hot and cold water is common. Hand washing is done by soap and water or hand sanitizer. Mostly found single bathroom. Cleanliness is depending upon the occupancy. Mary land Nurse Practice Act gives the guide line for health care providers and other members. If outside temperature exceeds 80, it is considered as hot day. Shade structures are part of public service development. Security officers are assigned for safety management and they wear appropriate badges or soft body armor. Activity/Exercise These are part of obesity prevention program. Recess is a part of school health program. All of these facilities are in active usage in this county. Pedestrian safety and camera program are part of safety procedure. Fire and burns are most common cause of unintentional deaths. Prevalence of obesity is a clear example of the result of sedentary life style. Children are spending more time in watching videos and computer. Public and private means are most commonly used transportation. Sleep/Rest This county is a middle class area with many citizens who start work early. They go to sleep early at night so that they can wake up early for work. 23% of the population is made up of kids and these kids have school early morning. Recent studies have shown that Montgomery County had an increase in sleep deprivation. Falling asleep while driving is responsible for at least 100,000 automobile crashes, 40,000 injuries, and 1,550 fatalities each year. Cognitive/Perceptual 81% of the population gets regular checkups with their doctor. This is more than average. There are close to 125,000 people in Montgomery County who speak English less than well, or about 14% of the population. This is a 20% increase from 2002 data. People who have difficulty within the cognitive perceptual portion are located in hospitals, nursing homes, and mental wards. 265 people in other group homes. 226 people in mental (psychiatric) hospitals or wards. 4,357 people in nursing homes. 328 people in homes for the mentally retarded. 62 people in homes for the physically handicapped. For delinquent children, 59 people in short-term care, detention or diagnostic centers. 57 people in hospices or homes for chronically ill. For drug/alcohol abuse, 41 people in hospitals or wards. For chronically ill, 33 people are in other hospitals or wards. Self-Perception/Self-Concept In this community, many people describe themselves negatively. Many people do not feel so good about themselves. One problem that is present is depression. There are six different depression specialists near Silver Spring, Maryland. Since there are many Hispanics living in this community, there is a high-risk group for depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Hispanic women are more likely to experience a major depressive episode. Another factor that lowers the self-esteem of the people in Silver Spring is being overweight, especially in women. There are generally changes in the way they feel about their body. They do not frequently get angry, annoyed, or fearful. The feeling of losing hope is also not very frequent. Role/Relationship The YMCA provides counseling for individuals, families, and groups in Montgomery County. Therapeutic groups are also offered according to community and school needs, such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Bullying à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Anger Management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Loss and Grief à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Parenting Support à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Social Skills. Vulnerable populations face many challenges every day. Montgomery County, Maryland Advanced Practice Center for Public Health Preparedness is prepared to help vulnerable populations. Silver Spring Township Police Department formed a partnership program that will build a positive relationship between police officers and the youth of school district. Fire and EMS departments effectiveness in delivering emergency service to the community is depend upon the amount of time it takes from when they call 911 to the arrival of help. There is an annual blood drive in memory of father and son firefighters. Silver Spring Food Pantries, Soup Kitchens Food Banks supply the food to the Soup Kitchens, Food Pantries, Shelters etc., they in turn provide food to the individuals that need it. Sexuality/Reproductive Services include diagnostic testing, exams and treatment of STDs. confidential HIV testing available. All those who tested for HIV get pre and posttest counseling. For birth control Silver Spring center offers Abortion pills, in clinic abortion, and abortion with sedation. GYN consultation services are available for low income or uninsured teens and women of childbearing age. Services include: -physical examinations and pelvic examinations -breast examinations and pap smears -Pregnancy testing and birth control methods -routine tests for sexually transmitted diseases as well as HIV counseling and testing -basic medications for sexually transmitted diseases and other GYN conditions or infections. Coping/Stress According to Montgomery County Police statistics Crime has been falling in Silver Spring. PS: Child Protective Services Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services 240-777-4417 (24 Hour Report Line) APS: Adult Protective Services- Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services 240-777-3000 The chance of earthquake damage and the risk of tornado damage in Silver Spring are higher than the national average. A disastrous train wreck happened in Silver Spring, Maryland in 1996 on a snowy, February afternoon. Mental Health Association of Montgomery County provides outreach, engagement and services for homeless mentally ill men and women who are on the streets or in emergency shelters. One of every three children comes from an impoverished family. 50,000 Montgomery County residents are living in poverty. Stress management resources are available to manage anxiety and overwhelming stress. Meditation, yoga and wellness and Russian martial arts are also available. .

The Last of the Mohicans as a Mixture of Genres Essays -- English Lite

James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans as a Mixture of Genres James Fenimore Cooper's The last of the Mohicans is often seen as a simple adventure story within the historical frame of the French and Indian war. Only if we analyze the novel in a closer way, we will realize that it goes beyond this label and that its sources are many and varied, giving the work the richness of the genres on which Cooper's novel is based. These are romanticism, western, (being its author one of the forerunners of these genres in the U.S.A.), captivity narratives and epic. In works belonging to Romanticism, nature is given a great important role. In fact, the action takes place in the open air, except for the chapters of the siege of Fort William Henry, so it is the setting which predominates along the work. The close connection between the characters of romantic novels and nature is exemplified in the characters of Chingachgook, Uncas and Hawkeye, which apart from knowing the place where they live and being completely adapted to it, they consider nature as a divine entity. In his introduction of this novel in the Oxford Classics edition, John Mcwilliams agrees with this affirmation of the concluding that for Cooper it was more than the place where they move; 'it was the very condition of life, the shaper of moral values and of human behavior, for good and for ill'. In a similar way, the same happens in other important romantic American novels such as Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and Herman Melville's Moby Dick. In the former, Hester and hi s daughter Pearl live in close connection with nature as a source of moral freedom, and in the latter, the Nantucketeers consider themselves as part of the sea. The theme of nationalism, a... ... In conclusion, The Last of the Mohicans does not belong totally to a particular genre since it displays some key aspects of epic, it is one of the most important forerunners of western and inherits some aspects of characters of captivity narratives, facts which help to create an special example of romantic literature close to Herman Melville's Moby Dick, works which seem to be adventure stories but in fact they are richer than that due to both their quality and the variety of their sources. WORKS CITED Cohen, Hennig and Levernier, James eds. and comps. The Indians and their Captives. Wesport, Connetcticut: Greenwood Press Inc, 1977. 299 pp. Cooper, James Fenimore. The last of the Mohicans. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford's World Classics., 1998. 433 pp. LÃ ³pez Estrada, Francisco. Poema del Cid. 12th ed. Fuenlabrada, Madrid: Odres Nuevos, 1986. 164 pp. www.britannica.com

Puerto Rico in a Historical and Cultural Context :: History Historical Puerto rican Essays

Puerto Rico in a Historical and Cultural Context By tracing the roots of Puerto Rican development from the Spanish invasion to today, one can see the influence of the dominant power in the interaction between different races of Puerto Rico, effecting how they viewed each other, and themselves. Isabel’s family, which is composed of Spanish and Corsican immigrants, reflects the attitudes that helped form Puerto Rican racial divisions. While she speaks from the point of view of a member of the upper class, there is a great deal of history behind the attitudes that influence the House on the Lagoon that she only lightly touches upon. Although Puerto Rican society has been racially mixed, issues such as class, imperialism, and outside prejudices have created a split between the different races. Although Isabel’s record of her family’s background begins much later, the roots of racial division in Puerto Rico started with the Spanish invasion of the island. Before the Spanish invasion in the 1500’s, Puerto Rico was populated by the native population known as the Taino. Once Puerto Rico was invaded by Spain, the Taino were marginalized by the Spaniards, thus creating the first racial conflict. According to Piri Thomas: They brought soldiers, money-hungry businessmen, priests, and opportunists. who burned with the fever only gold could cure. They brutally reduced the native population to near extinction by means of slavery, cruelty, and murderous extermination. Men, women, and children were set to work digging for the yellow metal, the precious gold. (Thomas) This shows that the first stage in race relation was motivated by the dominance of the invaders over the invaded. In this way, segregation in the early years of Puerto Rican development under Spanish rule was based on the fact that the Spanish population exploited the island’s people and resources, setting up a situation where the native population was marginalized. In other words, the marginalization of the native population was rooted in the economic desires of Spain. This created both a racial and class segregation, for the upper class Spaniards had control over the island, while the native population was forced to flee or be forced to work for the invaders. The Spanish occupation of Puerto Rico also brought another aspect of race relations to the island. Unable to utilize the native population to their liking, they brought African slaves to work for them. This added to the racial mixture on the island.

Pardoner’s Tale

Dec 1st, 2011 Death. It has many shapes and sizes in books and stories. In Chaucer’s book â€Å"The Pardoners Tale,† it takes the shape of an old man. He is very old and weary and seems like a completely innocent character. But, in this tale, he is the cause of three deaths. He is the very embodiment of death itself. The first clue to the old man’s identity occurs when he provided the rioters with the directions to find Death. â€Å"†Well sirs,† he said, â€Å"if it be your design To find out death, turn up this crooked wayTowards that grove, I left him there today Under a tree, and there you’ll find him waiting†Ã¢â‚¬  182-185 In this quote the old man knows he is telling the rioters where the gold is. He knows it will turn the rioters against themselves. Once they saw he gold they started plotting to kill each other to take the gold for themselves. Another clue hinting to you that he is no ordinary old man happens to be when he is tal king to the rioters. â€Å"† Not even death, alas, will take my life; So, like a wrenched prisoner at strife Within himself, I walk alone and waitAbout the earth, which is My mother’s gate Knock-Knocking with my staff from night to noon And crying, â€Å"â€Å"Mother, open to me soon! †Ã¢â‚¬  142-152 In this segment from the story he is saying that he can’t die. But, it also shows that he wants to die. In line 152 he says â€Å"Mother, open to me soon! † -152, meaning that he wants to be die and be buried in the earth. Calling the earth his mother. The final easy-to-see hint is how he changes subject when talking to the rioters. You can clearly see in lines 147-152 that he wants to die.But, when the rioters accuse him of being death or being a spy for death and act like they will kill him he suddenly changes his aim. â€Å"See how I wither, Flesh and blood and skin! / Alas! When will these bones be laid to rest? † 154-155. Here is an examp le of him clearly showing that he is ready for death. â€Å"Say where he is or you shall pay for it! † -178 Once the old man hears this he tells the three rioters where death supposable is. But, he knows that he is sending them to the gold where greed will overtake them and they will kill themselves over it. Pardoner’s Tale Dec 1st, 2011 Death. It has many shapes and sizes in books and stories. In Chaucer’s book â€Å"The Pardoners Tale,† it takes the shape of an old man. He is very old and weary and seems like a completely innocent character. But, in this tale, he is the cause of three deaths. He is the very embodiment of death itself. The first clue to the old man’s identity occurs when he provided the rioters with the directions to find Death. â€Å"†Well sirs,† he said, â€Å"if it be your design To find out death, turn up this crooked wayTowards that grove, I left him there today Under a tree, and there you’ll find him waiting†Ã¢â‚¬  182-185 In this quote the old man knows he is telling the rioters where the gold is. He knows it will turn the rioters against themselves. Once they saw he gold they started plotting to kill each other to take the gold for themselves. Another clue hinting to you that he is no ordinary old man happens to be when he is tal king to the rioters. â€Å"† Not even death, alas, will take my life; So, like a wrenched prisoner at strife Within himself, I walk alone and waitAbout the earth, which is My mother’s gate Knock-Knocking with my staff from night to noon And crying, â€Å"â€Å"Mother, open to me soon! †Ã¢â‚¬  142-152 In this segment from the story he is saying that he can’t die. But, it also shows that he wants to die. In line 152 he says â€Å"Mother, open to me soon! † -152, meaning that he wants to be die and be buried in the earth. Calling the earth his mother. The final easy-to-see hint is how he changes subject when talking to the rioters. You can clearly see in lines 147-152 that he wants to die.But, when the rioters accuse him of being death or being a spy for death and act like they will kill him he suddenly changes his aim. â€Å"See how I wither, Flesh and blood and skin! / Alas! When will these bones be laid to rest? † 154-155. Here is an examp le of him clearly showing that he is ready for death. â€Å"Say where he is or you shall pay for it! † -178 Once the old man hears this he tells the three rioters where death supposable is. But, he knows that he is sending them to the gold where greed will overtake them and they will kill themselves over it.

Pro-divorce Law Essay

People who say that divorce is not advisable for the Philippines forget or ignore our history. The ethno-linguistic communities of the Philippine archipelago before the Spanish conquest practiced divorce. We had a divorce law from 1917 until August 30, 1950, when the Civil Code of 1950 took effect. The latter law prohibited divorce for Filipinos, and the prohibition continues under the present Family Code. But Muslim Filipinos have always practiced divorce, which Philippine law allowed. Today, divorce continues to be available to Muslim Filipinos under the Code of Muslim Personal Law of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 1083), promulgated in 1977. In the 16th Congress, Gabriela, a women’s party-list group pursuing the passage of a divorce bill. Since the previous congress did not pass House Bill No. 1799, â€Å"An Act Introducing Divorce in the Philippines,† the said party-list group will again file the said bill. According to the group, â€Å"couples must have the option to avail of remedies that will pave the way for the attainment of their full human development and self-fulfillment and the protection of their human rights.† Upon the other hand, Marikina Rep. Teodoro has filed House Bill No. 37, â€Å"An Act Providing for the Protection of Marriage as an Inviolable Social Institution and the Family as the Foundation of the Nation and for other Purposes.† According to the proponent, ‘it ensures that absolute divorce remains unacceptable in the Philippines legal system, and maintains that legal separation can be availed of by spouses in troubled marriage, as provided under the Family Code, so they live independently of each other but without the right to remarry other persons.† Issue: Whether or not the Philippines is ready for a divorce law. Yes, the Philippines is ready for a divorce law. Some think that we do not need a divorce law because the Family Code, which applies to non-Muslim Filipinos, already provides for the termination of marriages through â€Å"annulment.† This argument misleads. Annulment is a legal term that has a specific meaning. The remedy of annulment is based on specified grounds that occurred at the time of the celebration of the marriage, such as lack of parental consent and vitiated consent (as when a person married another at gunpoint). The remedy of annulment expires, and the defect may actually be cured by ratification through free and voluntary cohabitation. When people speak of â€Å"annulment† as a means of terminating a marriage, they actually  refer to the remedy under Article 36 of the Family Code. Article 36 declares that a marriage is void from the beginning when one or both spouses are psychologically incapacitated to perform the essential marital obligations. Under Article 36, a court does not terminate a marriage but only declares it void. One must prove psychological incapacity by presenting evidence on three essential elements of the condition: that it already existed before the marriage; that it is grave or serious; and that it is incurable. To do this, one usually needs the help of a psychiatrist or psychologist to testify as an expert witness. But what if the marriage worked in the first ten years, but later the parties drifted apart for some reason or another? What if the other spouse was violent, unfaithful, indolent, or an alcoholic or a drug addict? What if one spouse abandoned the family? These may not be used for â€Å"annulment,† or for a marriage to be declared void under Article 36, unless it can be proved that these are manifestations of psychological incapacity that predated the marriage. A divorce law will provide a remedy that Article 36 does not. Divorce does not concern itself with validity or invalidity of a marriage. It terminates a marriage based on a ground that occurred during the marriage, which makes the marital relationship no longer tenable, regardless of the spouse’s psychological constitution. A divorce law will provide a straightforward remedy to a marital failure. It will benefit Filipinos wherever they are. A PETITION FOR DIVORCE MAY BE FILED ON ANY OF THE FOLLOWING GROUNDS: (1) THE PETITIONER HAS BEEN SEPARATED DE FACTO FROM HIS OR HER SPOUSE FOR AT LEAST FIVE YEARS AT THE TIME OF THE FILING OF THE PETITION AND RECONCILIATION IS HIGHLY IMPROBABLE; (2) THE PETITIONER HAS BEEN LEGALLY SEPARATED FROM HIS OR HER SPOUSE FOR AT LEAST TWO YEARS AT THE TIME OF THE FILING OF THE PETITION AND RECONCILIATION IS HIGHLY IMPROBABLE; (3) WHEN ANY OF THE GROUNDS FOR LEGAL SEPARATION UNDER PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS ARTICLE HAS CAUSED THE IRREPARABLE BREAKDOWN OF THE MARRIAGE; (4) WHEN ONE OR BOTH SPOUSES ARE PSYCHOLOGICALLY INCAPACITATED TO COMPLY WITH THE ESSENTIAL MARITAL OBLIGATIONS; (5) WHEN THE SPOUSES SUFFER FROM IRRECONCILABLE DIFFERENCES THAT HAVE CAUSED THE IRREPARABLE BREAKDOWN OF THE MARRIAGE.† Even when couples start out well in their marriage, political, economical and social realities take their toll on their relationship. Some are not prepared to handle the intricacies of the married life. For a large number of women, the inequalities and violence in marriage negate its ideals as the embodiment of love, care and safety and erode the bases upon which a marriage is founded. The marital relations facilitate the commission of violence and perpetuate their oppression. Official figures in 2009 showed that nineteen women were victims of marital violence everyday. Among the different forms of violence and abuse against women committed in 2009, wife battery ranked highest at 6,783 or 72% according to the Philippine National Police (PNP). The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) likewise recorded marital violence as highest among different forms of violence against owmen at 1,933. Previous reports of the PNP about three of ten perpetrators of violence against women were husbands of the victims. Husbands accounted for 28 percent of the violence against women crimes. Given these realities, couples must have the option to avail of remedies that will pave the way for the attainment of their full human development and self-fulfillment and the protection of their human rights. Existing laws are not enough to guarantee and protect these rights. To quote the Women’s Legal Bureau, Inc., a legal resource NGO for women: â€Å"The present laws relating to separation of couples and termination of marriage are inadequate to respond to the myriad causes of failed marriages. Particularly, the remedies of declaration of nullity and annulment do not cover the problems that occur during the existence of marriage. Legal separation, on the other hand, while covering problems during marriage, does not put an end to marriage.† â€Å"Though both divorce and a declaration of nullity of a marriage allow the spouses to remarry, the two remedies differ in concept and basis. A declaration of nullity presupposes that the marriage is valid from the beginning and the court declares its non-existence†¦ Beyond [the] grounds specified [in the law], declaration of nullity is not possible.† â€Å"In annulment, the marriage of the parties is declared defective from the beginning, albeit it is considered valid until annulled. The defect can be used to nullify the marriage within a specified period but the same may be ignored and the marriage becomes perfectly valid after the lapse of that period, or the defect may be cured through some act. The defect relates to the time of the celebration of the marriage and has nothing to do with circumstances occurring after the marriage is celebrated. In annulment, the marriage is legally cancelled, and the man and woman are restored to their single status.† â€Å"Since August 3, 1988, couples have been given a way out of failed marriages through Article 36 of the Family Code†¦ The remedy provides under Article 36 is declaration of nullity of the marriage. The article voids a marriage where one party is â€Å"psychologically incapacitated† to comply with the essentials of marital obligations. Consistent with the concept of void marriages (where the remedy is declaration of nullity), the law requires that the incapacity must have existed at the time of the celebration of the marriage†¦ In practice, Article 36 has become a form of divorce, as valid marriages are declared void every day in the guise of â€Å"psychological incapacity.† The innumerable Article 36 cases brought to trial courts is an indication of the elasticity of Article 36 to accommodate the needs of many couples desiring to terminate their marriages. It is proof that divorce is needed in the Philippines. Article 36 provides a remedy only for spouses who can prove â€Å"psychological incapacity†. The concept certainly cannot accommodate all cases where divorce would be necessary. What we need is a divorce law that defines clearly and unequivocally the grounds and terms for terminating a marriage. That law will put an end to the creative efforts played daily in courtrooms across the country to accommodate a wide range of  cases in order to prove â€Å"psychological incapacity.† (Women’s Legal Bureau, Inc., The Relevance of Divorce in the Philippines, 1998) Divorce does not concern itself with validity or invalidity of a marriage. It terminates a marriage based on a ground that occurred during the marriage, which makes the marital relationship no longer tenable, regardless of the spouse’s psychological constitution. A divorce law will provide a straightforward remedy to a marital failure. It will benefit Filipinos wherever they are. â€Å"The law should only give people a choice, to be exercised according to their own personal beliefs.†- Luzviminda Ilagan The Catholic Church need not worry. The institutions of marriage and the family have survived to this day, as they will survive a Philippine divorce law. We are a secular state, where no religious group has the right to define law or policy for the entire population. There is not one but a plurality of beliefs in Philippine society. The law should only give people a choice, to be exercised according to their own personal beliefs. Therefore, to be set free from an unhappy marriage is to allow citizens of any country to form their own lives. Freedom is something we all want. To allow a country to set the law for such freedoms is nothing more than an act which is incomprehensible. There are record amounts of unhappy marriages in the Philippines. Every day, Filipinos get married, bear children, separate and get into other relationships, regardless of what the law says. The lack of a divorce law for non-Muslim Filipinos complicates further the marital and family problems of many Filipinos. Our government has clearly failed to respond to their needs. If the country wants to move forward, it has to confront the realities of marital and family life of Filipinos in the Philippines and abroad. It has to pass a divorce law now.

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Hemingway’s story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† appears on the surface as a brief and unremarkable vignette written almost all in dialogue, with minimal action and an unclear final resolution, the story is actually a â€Å"watershed† of narrative invention and a radical shift from Hemingway’s usual perspective, as it is most often defined by readers and critics. As Alan Cheuse remarks in his essay â€Å"†Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å"American writers, â€Å"possess an acute ability to create skeins of seemingly natural language that make up a world out of human speech† (Cheuse) and also represent a special gift for create entire worlds through dialogue, as is readily manifest in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Hemingway’s style of natural language is an elementary base of his technique in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Another narrative strategy is that he strips away the expository writing or the direct information to the reader which would help the reader to place the action of the story in context. Rather than weigh down the narrative, Hemingway leaves his story lean and bare, primarily relying on conflict-charged dialogue between the story’s two main characters. By refusing to included background information or even internal monologue on behalf of the two characters, Hemingway â€Å"leaves virtually everything, even what is at issue between the girl and the American, for the reader to â€Å"figure† out,† and this strategy includes the story’s final resolution: whether or not the girl in story opts to have the couple’s child or whether she chooses as is the man’s desire, to have an abortion. The lack of final resolution is notable enough that even critics are left to their own devices to decide what happens to finish the story and conclude the conflict between the two characters. As one scholar commented, â€Å"the ending has seemed stubbornly indeterminate† (Renner); however, the same critic, Renner, has forwarded a compelling theory as to how the resolution of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be deduced from a careful study of its narrative form, imagery, and symbolism, The conflict in the title: the burden of something unwanted — a â€Å"white elephant† — merged with the symbol of hills suggesting rich fertility extends throughout the story, forms its basic theme, and functions as an axis on which the changing attitudes and evolving conflict between the characters spins. In order to integrate the various levels of narrative along Renner’s theoretical lines in order to find the story’s true resolution, the piece must be examined from a formal perspective with due note given to its imagery and symbolism a well as the nuances contained in the story’s plentiful dialogue, (Renner) which leaves the reader able to deduce that the man in the story has indeed been sensitive to the woman’s situation. According to Renner, the story takes place in four distinct â€Å"movements† and these movements are the key components to understanding the resolution of the story. Renner’s distinction of the four movements follows an ascending structure of character development and character conflict: â€Å"In the first movement we are shown the stereotypical passive female, not even knowing her own mind, accustomed to following a masterful male for her direction in life,† the next movement illustrates the girl’s character development toward â€Å"a dramatic realization of her own mind-her own welfare, dreams, and values;† by the third movement, the girl begins to assert herself, and by the fourth and final movement, â€Å"we see the result of her development toward self-realization† which Renner insists reveals, also, the actual conclusion of the story, (Renner). To extrapolate a probable resolution for the conflict in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† it becomes necessary to examine the conflict which lies under the overt abortion-question of the story. If the story is, indeed, about the â€Å"capitulation† of the girl, then her refusal to capitulate is evident form the action of the story. When the girl says â€Å"Would you please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ her victory is indicated. The abortion will not be performed and the realization of her independence form the man has been attained. In this way, Hemingway’s story reveals a feminine point of view and a feminine dominance which is usually not associated with his fiction (Renner). Works Cited Cheuse, Alan. â€Å"Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å". † The Antioch Review Spring 2005: 222+. Meyers, Jeffrey, ed. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Renner, Stanley. â€Å"Moving to the Girl’s Side of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants. â€Å". † The Hemingway Review 15. 1 (1995): 27+.

A Critical Review of the Use of Dogs in the US Army During the WWII Essay

A Critical Review of the Use of Dogs in the US Army During the WWII - Essay Example In the past, the main of role of trained dogs was that that of sentries or patrols. But in modern warfare, dogs had been used the most tactfully. Though in post modern warfare, dogs’ role has mostly been replaced by modern technology, they played a crucial role in the US Army during the Second World War (Blumenstock pars. 2). After the attack on Pearl Harbor Navy Base in December 7, 1941, the US Army led a campaign to inspire the pet-owners to donate their dogs to the army-training camps. The US Army named this campaign as â€Å"Dogs for Defense†. In order to inspire the owner, they further claimed that the dogs would be trained to be accustomed into civil life after the war. Indeed, it was the beginning of the dog-squad in the US military. Subsequently, martial dog training programs were adopted and, in the meantime, a number of dog-training centers were established to facilitate the programs around the country (MWD History, pars. 2). Some of the dog-training centers w ere Gulfport, Fort Carson, Rimini, San Carlos, Fort Washington, Fort Riley, Fort Belvoir, Fort Robinson, Nebraska Camp, Beltsville, etc. During the Second World War, the US Army used dog to perform a number of risky as well as routine jobs. According to the types of breed and performance, the dogs were to be sled dogs, sentry, scouts, mine-detecting dogs, wire-layer, pack-pullers, and messenger dogs. The military training of a dog used to take 8-12 week to be fully trained. By late 1944, the Army selected about seven breeds of dogs to receive the highest performances in war-fields. Among these breeds were German Shepherd, Doberman Pinscher, Collie, Belgian Sheep dog, Eskimo, Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, etc. During the Second World War, the German Shepherd was the most preferred choice in the army because of its courage, strong sense of responsibility, keen nose, strength, adaptability and trainability. Doberman Pinscher was second to German Shepherd in terms of strength, nervo us power, speed, sensing power, and tractability. Collie and Belgian Sheep dogs were mainly used as messengers for their loyalty, alertness, endurance and agility. Muscular and sturdy breeds were generally used for pack-pull and wire-laying jobs. Alaskan Malamute, Eskimo and Siberian Husky belonged to this group. Among these three breeds, Siberian Husky was the most desired type because of their speed and endurance. During the war, the US dog-squad’s performance was surprising (Blumenstock pars. 2-4). Due to their high sensibility, loyalty and alertness, the military dogs were the preferred options for the soldiers in many war fields. There were many fields where dogs were more skillful performers than the soldiers. During the WWII, the war-theater-wise performance of the US military dogs was great. The dogs showed great performances mainly in two theaters: the pacific theater and the European theater. In 1944, under the command of William W. Putney, the â€Å"3rd Marine War Dog Platoon† played a crucial role in the liberation of Guam from the Japanese occupation. According to the MWD, approved and led by the US Congress, â€Å"Twenty-five of Lieutenant Putney's war dogs gave their lives in the liberation of Guam and were buried there in a War Dog Cemetery with name markers† (MWD History, pars. 2). In the war-field of Guam, the Doberman Pincers breed showed a great performance in guarding and scouting along the frontline of the war. Evading the enemies’ eye, they successfully worked as messengers between the US camps. Several of the success stories are as following: In February 17, 1945, a war-dog called Bruce saved two wounded soldiers from the attack of three Japanese infantrymen. During the nocturnal