B E C: The New Phase Of Matter :: essays research papers

B E C: The New Phase of Matter A new phase of matter has been discovered seventy years after Albert Einstein predicted it's existence. In this new state of matter, atoms do not move around like they would in an ordinary gas condensate. The atoms move in lock step with one another and have identical quantum properties. This will make it easier for physicists to research the mysterious properties of quantum mechanics. It was named "Molecule of the Year" because it was such a major discovery, but it is not a molecule at all. The phase, called the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) follows the laws of quantum physics. In early 1995, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado were the first to uncover the BEC. They magnetically trapped rubidium atoms and then supercooled the atoms to almost absolute zero. The graphic on the cover shows the Bose-Einstien condensation, where the atom's velocities peak at close to zero velocity, and the atoms slowly emerge from the condensate. The atoms were slowed to the low velocity by using laser beams. The hardware needed to create the BEC is a bargain at $50,000 to $1000,000 which makes it accessible to physics labs around the world. The next step is to test the new phase of matter. We do not know yet if it absorbs, reflects,or refracts light. BEC is related to superconductivity and may unlock some mysteries of why some minerals are able to conduct electricity without resistance. The asymmetrical pattern of BEC is is thought by some astrophysicists to explain the bumpy distribution of matter in the early universe, a distribution that eventually led to the formation of galaxies. Physicists are working on creating an atom laser, using new technology derived from the BEC. The new lasers would be able to create etchings finer than those that etch silicon chips today.

Broken Glass Essay -- Essays Papers

Broken Glass The Glass Menagerie refers to the fragile world of dreams, and illusion. Within the play Williams uses characters who face solitary struggles in an emotionally, physically, and financially starved surrounding. During the course of the play, a glass unicorn gets broken, symbolizing the fragile nature of a dream world. It's more than coincidental that the play's title refers to the collection of glass animals that belongs to Laura. The title of the play gives symbolism to the lives of Tom, Laura, and Amanda. To find relief from his boring, tedious and stressful life along with his mother's constant nagging abuse, Tom goes to movies "nobody goes to the movies night after night" (1874) and dreams about future adventures for himself. To...

Pathophysiology Of Hypertension Therapeutic Intervention Health And Social Care Essay

The normal scope of blood force per unit area in a healthy individual is 120/90 millimeter Hg. Clinically a individual is said to be hypertensive if their blood force per unit area is 140/90 millimeter Hg or supra, on two separate occasions. ( 1 & A ; 2 ) The left ventricle of a hypertensive individual is enlarged due to the increased work burden on the bosom. This increases the oxygen demand of the cardiac musculus. In order to run into this increased demand, the coronary circulation increases the cardiac end product ( 1 ) Imbalance in cardiac end product volume and peripheral opposition leads to a rise in blood force per unit area. ( 3 ) . Cardiac end product is defined as the volume of blood pumped from the bosom and Entire peripheral opposition is the opposition of flow of blood in smaller arteriolas and ) viscousness of blood ( 1 & A ; 2 ) There are two chief types of high blood pressure viz. primary ( indispensable high blood pressure and secondary high blood pressure. In primary high blood pressure, high blood force per unit area is non accompanied by an implicit in disease. Secondary high blood pressure is a rise in arterial blood force per unit area due to an implicit in disease, examples include nephritic and neurotic diseases Early surveies of high blood pressure showed that there was a little addition in cardiac end product before any alteration in peripheral opposition. ( 3 ) From these findings it was suggested that the cardic end product ab initio rises due to sodium and H2O retension, this leads to an autoregulatory rise in peripheral opposition. The cardiac end product so fell once more as a consequence of cardiovascular physiological reactions, nevertheless the blood force per unit area remained somewhat elevated To understand the pathophysiology of high blood pressure, it is of import to understand the mechanisms involved in modulating blood pressure.i.e. The homeostatic mechanisms that taken topographic point ( 92 ) Baroreceptors detect a alteration in force per unit area. Figure 1 shows the neurogenic mechanism triggered by high blood pressure. When the force per unit area rises an afferent signal is sent to the vasomotor system, in the myelin oblongata of the encephalon. This consequences in cut downing motorial sympathetic activity taking in arterial dilation and decreased myocardial contractility, therefore seeking to return force per unit area to its original value. In chronic high blood pressure the homeostatic physiological reactions are reset to a higher degree [ 4 ] The mechanism of indispensable high blood pressure is non wholly known and is a subject that is presently under research. ( 88 )Assorted factors regulate blood force per unit area, these include.A break in one or more of these could be a possible cause for high blood pressure[ 3 ] Factors that are linked to primary high blood pressure are environmental factors, organic structure weight, intoxicant consumption, dietetic factors, exeThere is a important relationship between kidney disease and high blood pressure.Renin is an enzyme, and is chiefly found in the juxtaglomerular setup in the kidney. ( Fig )The secernment of renin is initiated by a lessening in perfusion force per unit area in the kidney and alterations in Na concentration of the distal cannular fluid.As shown in fig. Renin catabolises angiotensinogen, a protein from the liver, and signifiers angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is activated by angiotonin change overing enzyme and as a consequence it yields Angiotensin II. Angioten sin II is 40 times more powerful in raising blood force per unit area as compared to noradrenalin. The renin-angiotensin system is besides thought to modulate the elimination of Na by the kidneyPhaeochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal secretory organ which causes increased secernment of the endocrine epinephrine. This leads to an increased arterial force per unit area. This is an illustration of secondary high blood pressureReflux neuropathy is a nephritic disease where the kidneys get disrupted due to the backward flow of piss in the kidney. The image below shows an affected arteria ( 172 )( 3 )Factors that increase the hazard of[ 10 ] ..et Al suggested that high blood pressure should be seen as a multifactorial inflammatory disease. The survey showed that inflammatory processes play an of import function in prolonging systematic high blood pressure [ 10 ]( 600 )There are legion interventions for high blood pressure.Primary high blood pressureWhile sing the usage of drugs, we sh ould do certain that the drug is†¦ i.e. its benefits outweighs its side-effects.Figure aa‚ ¬ † demoing systems responsible for the homeostatic control of blood force per unit area together with mark sites for anti-hypertensive drugsBeginning: [ 6 ]As shown in Fig the sympathetic nervous system, the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the tonically-active endothelium derived autocoids are the chief systems responsible in the ordinance of high blood pressure. [ 6 ]Mentioning to fig and postpone 1[ 6 ][ 11 ] Recently†¦ et Al performed a complete Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and clinical rating of the drug aliskiren. The survey showed that Aliskiren was a prospective anti-hypertensive drug [ 11 ][ 7 ] †¦ et Al showed that usage of initial combination therapy of the drugs aliskiren and amlodipine for the control of blood force per unit area improves early eA?A ¬a‚ ¬ectiveness and is more effectual to each monotherapy in early control of bl ood force per unit area [ 7 ]The intervention of high blood pressure by drugs is most effectual when accompanied with lifestyle alterations including regular exercising, healthy diet, weight and intoxicant decrease and no smoke.Drug intervention for high blood pressure is non really effectual in all patients..et Al showed that pharmacological intervention was merely effectual on tierce of patients enduring from high blood pressure. The survey concluded that there was a important relationship between psychological factors and hapless high blood pressure control [ 8 ][ 12 ] †¦ showed that 60-70 % of high blood pressure in grownups is caused by fleshiness and suggested mechanisms such as insulin opposition, Na keeping, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and altered vascular map are obesity-relatedhigh blood pressure. †¦ suggested that consciousness of the disease is the most reasonable long term solution [ 12 ]( 183 )In decision, high blood pressure is a multifactorial disease, that is caused by a figure of factors including environmental factors, genetic sciences, lifestyle etc. The mechanism of high blood pressure is a subject which is still being researched. Depending upon the implicit in disease and the badness, secondary high blood pressure may be able to be treated surgically.Primary high blood pressure if diagnosed at an early phase can be combated with medical specialties and simple alterations like regular exercising, healthy low salt and low fat diet, reduced alcohol consumption etc.( 80 )

The Effects of Dependency on Technology

Since the days of the industrial revolution, man has always wanted to improve his environment, or to make his life ceasier. Whether it was a way to speed up production of goods, better communication, or just improving and existing idea, man has yearned to exceed his boundaries and push the limits of his abilities. With the invention of the computer and rapid advances in technology, lifestyles have become physically, socially, and economically dependent upon a wide variety of electronic devises. If the technology were lost or became non functional, it would have a devastating impact globally.Beginning with the invention of the wheel and fire, man has strived to improve the way he performs basic menial tasks. Just as he did with the wheel, man has become more and more dependent upon technology to do his day to day work. What started as the industrial revolution has moved into the computer age of manufacturing goods at a faster and cheaper rate. Not only has production been effected by technology, it has spread to a wide range of work related tasks such as sales, where only two decades ago personal contact was the norm, now is done with e-mail and I pads.As well as shipping and receiving where once records were hand written, they are now inputted electronically. Thus it creates a network of human dependency on industrial technology. Even as industry has become dependent upon electronic gadgets so has society’s need to interact. There are a number of devices to help us communicate more efficiently with each other, but at a cost of the personal face to face connection. The number one improvement in social communication is the internet.With instant messaging, e-mail, and social sites such as facebook, my yearbook, and tagged there is very little if any personal contact. Also in the communication category are cell-phones where you can text, im, take and download pictures all at the touch of a keypad without even seeing the person on the other end. By doing so i t creates a varied number of choices for social interaction with no personal or physical contact. Commerce has also become dependent on computers and ever changing technology. Since the birth of the internet, on line sales have become as ommon as turning on a light. You can view a business’s entire inventory and make a purchase with just a couple of mouse clicks. Also effected by technology is in store checkout, where you can do self check out by scanning items over a price screen connected to a computerized cash register. A major change in commerce is security where cameras survey an entire store and electronic metallic strips are hidden in items to thwart shoplifting. In the future even sales clerks could be computerized which would lead to a total dependence on technology.Thus computers today have become an inseparable part of our lives, forcing man to ask several questions. Like where will the technology lead us, and how dependent are we becoming upon it. Therefore the ve ry things that are now operating industrial machinery, communicating socially, and driving commercial sales have brought about a dependency on technology that is nearly irreversible. It leads to the question, will all the advances in our lives be a benefit or will we become dependent soley on technology to complete everyday tasks thereby isolating ourselves from human interaction.

A Look at James Joyce’s Display of the Challenges of Stephen as Described in His Book, A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man

A Look at James Joyce’s Display of the Challenges of Stephen as Described in His Book, A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man Children are constantly asked about their dreams and aspirations. This never-ending stream of directed questions can only lead to the disillusionment that everyone has some great destiny awaiting them. In James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, the protagonist Stephen is struggling through inner turmoil between the man Irish society and institutions want him to be, and the man that he thinks he wants to be. This definite piece of Irish literature is so dependent upon both the politically historical and religiously centered social background that every reference is crucial to the overall feeling of the novel. However, astonishingly the overlying message surpasses the barriers of time and place to give meaning to a reader from any culture or era. Because people think there is a great destiny awaiting them, they are in constant search of a secure home to nourish their dreams and give comfort to the individual soul. The political debacle over Irish independence shined through Stephen, who although ironically was dissatisfied with his country, embodied its basic elements of individualism. Consider the Christmas dinner where Dante defended herself by stating â€Å"a priest would not be a priest if he did not tell his flock what is right and what is wrong†(31). The underlying sense of anger in this scene originates from how Mr. Casey and Mr. Dedalus are contempt with the lack of Irish independence from England. This political background is key to Stephen’s approach in his journey of becoming an artist. A parallel can be drawn to the theme of independence, and following one’s own journey rather than the road others lay out. Furthermore, as a young adult Stephen finds himself rather discontent with Ireland as his ancestors â€Å"allowed a handful of foreigners to subject them†(203). This again references Ireland’s lack of independence. Stephen eventually opts to dep art his home because Ireland’s lack of freedom was not propelling him towards his singular destiny of becoming an artist. Here Stephen was so dissatisfied with his home that out of frustration for an individually compelling environment, he leaves. These political references to emphasize independence and freedom in both the country and individual soul render late 19th century Ireland as essential to generating Joyce’s arguments. Joyce’s mockery of hypocritical religious institutions that ruled Irish society at the time emphasizes Stephen’s struggle over whether or not society was to feed his destiny or not. To begin with, society stressed upon him the indisputable influence of religion. Therefore Stephen became contrite over his sins with women. After â€Å"he had confessed and God had pardoned him, his soul was made fair and holy once more, holy and happy†(145). Stephen felt a false sense of security by the institution of religion as well as society that he was now going to be all right. Even with going though the motions of a pious Catholic, Stephen could not feel completely at home. This sheds light on how many â€Å"devout† religious beings may actually feel on the inside. Their actions are rather mechanical Not all religiously active people feel holy on the inside. Ultimately, Stephen faced the unavoidable decision to either join the priesthood or follow his â€Å"destinyâ⠂¬  to become an artist. This further ridicules the process of selecting higher religious figures. It is based on sheer outward appearance, quantity, and frequency of religious endeavors rather than the quality of religious work. Stephen realizes that Irish society is not contributing to his destiny when he comes to the consensus that â€Å"he was destined to learn his own wisdom apart from others or to learn the wisdom of others himself wandering among the snares of the world†(175). Consequently Stephen again departs his past â€Å"home† for the university that becomes his new â€Å"home† for the time being. Joyce clearly wanted to depict the oppressing and shallow nature of Irish society that revolved around religion. The Irish background adds on to the void feeling Stephen has even upon technically doing all that he was told by the institutions. Although the setting served to build the background to concepts Joyce wanted to portray, the actual ideas manifested throughout the novel are relevant to human nature regardless of generation and location. To begin with, Stephen never truly grasps the concept of â€Å"home.† As a young child he was sent to boarding school, and after returning he was constantly moving from house to house. Gradually â€Å"a vague dissatisfaction grew up within him as he looked on the quays and on the river and on the lowering skies†(66-67). From a young age Stephen grows up in a home that lacked stability. He was never able to find comfort in his own home. This dissatisfaction is universal to humans, for people find discomfort in trying to not only find their identities, but also find their destiny to where they fit in to the universe. This abstract concept is applied to Stephen as his search for identity is paralleled to truly finding his â€Å"home,† a place of security and feeli ng of belonging. It is only human nature to want to have a rightful place. Throughout the novel, Joyce masterfully takes advantage of incorporating Ireland into all aspects of the novel from its setting to character names to society. These compel the novel to be exactly that – an Irish novel. However when taking a step back, one can see that as a Bildungsroman, the theme of ones journey in search of ones destiny or place in the universe is applicable to all. Humans have an innate desire to feel at â€Å"home.† Joyce urges the reader to notice the ups and downs to hunting down what one believes is his or her destiny regardless of the rest of one’s community rather than rationally thinking through what is best for the situation.

Dominant Types and Seriality in Architectural Practices Essay

Dominant Types and Seriality in Architectural Practices - Essay Example This tendency of the concept of typology to take different shapes and meanings in the history of architectural design methodology has been a subject of debate for a long time. A commonly held squabble against the typological procedures in architecture has been a claim that such practices are manifestations of the times of craft or preindustrial art. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the persistence of the concept of typology in architectural practices of different time periods and contexts. Also the essay will attempt to comprehend the relevance of typology in the current architectural design approaches, as well as the significance of the employment of classification and seriality in such innovative architectural practices as FOA will be discussed. The impact of globalization on the political agencies of different countries and consequently on their attitude towards the urban transformations will be evaluated taking the example of Singapore. Hence the importance of controlling the individual identity of practice using repetitions and differentiations will also be discussed in order to identify the means of evolving distinct types in certain working environment and under different ethical influences. It is one of the universal principles to reduce human perceptions to certain persistently occurring patterns, regular geometries or harmonies. Hence the debate of typology is not new in the architectural discussions. Likewise typologies in architecture specify and direct the varying requirement profiles of certain buildings or spatial systems. These categories of typologies vary with the scale of architectural intervention. Hence at the level of urban planning the typologies may deal with groups of houses, attached or isolated, while the typologies of building may inspect residences, industrial units, entertainment complexes, etc. Building typology has offered the governing model

The book ''The Curious Incident of the Dog in the NightTime'' Essay

The book ''The Curious Incident of the Dog in the NightTime'' - Essay Example The Story. Christopher finds a neighbor's dog, named Wellington, murdered. With the help of his teacher, Siobhan, he decides to write a book about his attempt to solve this mystery. During his investigation, Christopher meets people living on the same street but whom he has never met before. He eventually discovers that Mr. Shears, a neighbor, had an affair with his mother, Judy. Christopher records this as well as other discoveries. His father, Ed, discovers his writings and confiscates them but the son tries to find them back. In his search, Christopher finds letters from his mother which his father had hidden. Supposedly, Judy had died of a heart attack as told by Ed, and now Christopher comes to know that she is still alive. He is quite shocked that his father would lie to him about this. On the bed, he vomits and groans until his father comes back. Realizing that Christopher had read the letters, Ed cleans up Christopher and then tells him the truth about Judy and confesses to killing Wellington in his anger to Mrs. Shears. Christopher, however, feared that his father may also kill him, and so decides to get away and look for his mother. He embarks finally on an adventurous trip to London, guided by his mother's address from her letters. With Christopher with her, Judy eventually leaves Mr. Shears, and then moves into a rented room in Swindon, London. Judy agrees to daily visits from Ed for Christopher who remains afraid of his father. The story ends with Ed promising that he will rebuild trust with Christopher and the son asserting that he will take further A-level exams and attend university. Autism. The main character, Christopher Boone goes to a school for students with "special needs" as he has a form of autism. As the novel opens, Christopher tells us "I know all of the countries of the world and their capital cities, and every prime number up to 7,057." He can rattle off prime numbers and square roots with the ease, and can speak about the origins of the universe. But he has more problems with people. He has trouble figuring out other people's feelings, and he doesn't understand why they tell lies. Strangers, noise and unfamiliar situations terrify him. Christopher can be childlike at times, but he can also be chillingly detached. In his favorite dream, he tells us, a virus has killed all the people who look at one another's faces when they talk; the only survivors are ''special people like me,'' who ''like being on their own'' and who are as ''shy and rare.'' With this, Christopher appears to understand that he is different from other people. A whiz at math, he enjoys puzzles and has a photographic memory. Christopher cannot read facial expressions fluently, that he uses a code he devised to guide him in his supposed behavior for the day as he, himself recounts - On my way to school I watch the cars going past the bus and remember their colours.3 red cars in a row mean that it is going to be a Quite Good Day. 4 red cars mean that it is going to be a Good Day. 5 red cars mean that it is going to be a Super Good Day. And 4 yellow cars in a row mean that it is going to be a Black Day, which is a day when I don't speak to anyone and don't eat my lunch and Take No Risks, because yellow is the color of custard and double yellow lines and Yellow Fever which is a deadly